1. Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture

2. What makes subsistence agriculture different from commercial agriculture?
Purpose of farming
Percentage of farmers in labor force
Use of machinery
Relationship of farming to other business

3. Subsistence Agriculture
Production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family
Less Developed Countries
Percentage: labor intensive
More than 55% farmers in LDC
Machinery?
Farm Size?
Relationship of farming to other business?

4. Subsistence Agriculture

5. Types of Subsistence Shifting Cultivation
The moving of planting from place to place provide crops better land
Subtropical areas
Humid low latitude
High temperatures with large amounts of rainfall
Amazon, Central West Africa, And Southeast Asia

6. Types of Subsistence Process of Shifting Cultivation Slash and Burn
Pick area surrounding settlement
Clear vegetation
Burn debris
Rain washes nutrients into soil
Swidden- Cleared area
When nutrients are depleted, let vegetation take the land and find a new area

7. Types of Subsistence Pastoral Nomadism
Based on the herding of domesticated animals
Extensive Agriculture- uses little inputs on vast areas of land
Low Output per area
Arid and Semiarid land
North Africa, Middle East, and Central Asia
Bedouins (Saudi Arabia, North Africa)
Depend on animals more than crops
Trade with sedentary subsistence farmers
Why do you think this is?

8. Types of Subsistence Pastoral Nomadism Choice of animals
Camels?
Goats?
Sheep?
Movement of Nomads
Territoriality
Transhumance- Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

9. Types of Subsistence Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Intensive Agriculture- More input of labor and materials relative per area
Labor Intensive Intertillage-the practice of planting taller, stronger crops to shelter lower, fragile ones from tropical downpours
East, South and Southeast Asia
Small tracts of land
Large labor forces
Lowland rice-Wet Rice

10. Commercial Agriculture
Production of food primarily for sale off the farm
More Developed Country
Percentage: MDC 5% farmers
Machinery?
Farm Size?
Relationship to other businesses?
What are the different types of commercial agriculture?

11. Types of Commercial Agriculture
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
Both crops and livestock
Fertilizer from livestock
Feed for livestock
Reduces seasonal variation in income
Crop rotation
Corn Belt
Dairy Farming
Near urban areas- Why?
Milkshed- ring around a city from which milk can be supplied w/o spoiling

12. Milk Cows per acre by county

13. Milk Production

14. Types of Commercial Agriculture
Grain Farming
Grain-seed from various grasses, like wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, etc…
Produced for people (not livestock)
Where do you think grain farming occurs?
Winter Wheat Belt-Kansas, Colorado and Oklahoma
Planted in autumn, ripe at beginning of summer
Spring wheat belt-Dakotas, Montana, and southern Saskatchewan
Planted in spring, harvested in the late summer
Palouse region- Washington State

15. Grain

16. Wheat Production

17. Types of Commercial Agriculture
Livestock Ranching
Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area
Where do you find livestock ranching?
Cattle ranching in America
Rail to major cities (Chicago)
Pampas- Argentina, Southern Brazil, and Uruguay
Sheep in Australia

18. Types of Commercial Agriculture
Mediterranean Crops
Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia
High Moisture, mild winters, hilly
Examples: Olives, grapes, fruits, vegetables, wheat for pasta an bread

19. Types of Commercial Agriculture
Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming
U.S. Southeast
AKA Truck farming
Examples: apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, mushrooms and tomatoes
Migrant workers
Specialty Farming

20. Types of Commercial Agriculture
Plantation Farming
Large farm that specializes in one or two crops
Tropics and Subtropics
LDCs
Corporate Ownership
Examples: cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, tea, coconuts, and palm oil

21. What types of commercial agriculture do you see around here?

22. Why is it important for the world economy to have these multiple types of commercial agriculture?

23. Rank the types of agriculture from most intensive to least intensive (Extensive)
Remember!
Intensive-
High inputs:
Labor, Machinery, effort, etc…
Relative to area farmed
High Output
Extensive
Low inputs
Large area
Low output

24. 9 10 8 7 6 17 11 1 12 2 14 16 5 15 13 19 18 4 20 3

25. What are the two major types of Agriculture?
What are the types within Subsistence?
What are the types within Commercial?

26. Short Presentation- Each person will get a type of agriculture
You will need to:
Describe every location where this type of agriculture takes place
Map this on the board
In what climate is this type mostly prevalent?
Other than climate, why is this type of agriculture here?
Think historical, political, economic or cultural reasons why