Climate Resilient Cities Reducing Vulnerabilities to Climate Change Impacts and Strengthening Disaster Risk Management in East Asia’s Cities July 14, 2008, Pattaya Thailand Neeraj Prasad, Federica Ranghieri, Ravi Sinha, and Earl Kessler

2 Overview of presentation o Background and project inception o The “Primer” – What is it? Why have one? o Climate change and disasters in EA cities o Objectives and organization of the Primer o Hot spots and identifing priorities o Creating a city information base o City case studies and key lessons learned o Conclusions and Q&A

3 Background o Where did the demand for the project come from? o How did the project take shape and how was the team selected? o What methodology was adopted and how was this implemented?

4 What is the Primer? o The Primer outlines city typologies o It integrates climate change with DRM o It presents a “hot spot” tool for identifying city- specific priorities for action o It identifies both adaptation and mitigation strategies at the local level, based on learning from regional and global sound practices o The Primer is applicable to a range of cities - from those starting to build awareness on climate change to those with climate change strategies and institutions already in place

5 Why do we need a Primer? o Climate change and its impacts are real o Climate change impacts are felt at local level o Climate change impacts and broader natural disasters can undermine sustainable development, growth, and poverty reduction o Cities should be aware of risks to determine strategies to anticipate impacts o Cities can adopt alternative, “cleaner” development paths to reduce future impacts

6 Why East Asia specifically? o East Asia is urbanizing rapidly: 2 million new residents every month o Climate change induced disasters in East Asia cities affect their economic growth and poverty reduction efforts o East Asia cities are already vulnerable to multiple natural hazards – even without climate change impacts o The need for a new way to develop and manage cities

7 Asia’s mega cities

8 Urban growth needs to be climate-proofed Source : Angel et al., 2005 If average densities continue to decrease, doubling of the developing world's urban population by 2030 will result in a tripling of their built-up areas.

9 East Asia is at high risk for climate change impacts Source: SEDAC, Columbia Univ., 2007

10 East Asia is at high risk for natural disasters

11 Major population centers are severely impacted Source: SEDAC, Columbia Univ., 2007

12 The Primer: Understanding how to reduce vulnerabilities

13 Objectives of the Primer o To understand the issues and impact of climate change at the city level o To engage in a participatory approach to establish vulnerabilities to potential climate change impacts o To learn about the why and the how through illustrative examples from other cities o To build resilience to future disasters into planning and design through no-regrets endeavors o To understand the requirements for moving from theory to practice o To engage in partnerships and shared learning with other cities facing similar problems

14 Organization of the Primer o Section 1 - Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management o Section 2 - Explaining Climate Change Impacts and Disaster Risk Management o Section 3 - Assessment Exercise in the Determination of a HOT SPOT o Section 4 - Creating a City Information Base o Section 5 - Sound Practice Examples of Adaptation and Mitigation o Section 6 – Conclusions o Additional resources available

15 An integrated disaster management system

16 Climate Change and DRM

17 The “Hot Spot” exercise “Given” Geographic location City size and growth rate Governance structure Disaster history “Influentiable” City management Financial resources Built environment Disaster response systems Economic impact of disasters

18 City description and size

19 Cities have a choice as to their physical footprints

20 Governance, management, and financial resources

21 Built Environment

22 Urban poor and marginalized at greatest risk and suffer most

23 Political and economic impacts

24 Hazards and disaster response

25 Early warning systems and effective response capabilities to limit damage

26 Climate change impacts

27 Building a city information base

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32 Building resilient cities: Learning from experience

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34 Case Studies Overview CityGeographyPopulation TokyoCoastal, Very High EQ Hazard34,250,000 New YorkCoastal19,712,000 JakartaCoastal, Moderate EQ Hazard18,200,000 LondonCoastal8,300,000 Milan, ItalyInland Plateau5,000,000 SingaporeCoastal4,400,000 HanoiCoastal1,800,000 Thua Thien Hue, VietnamCoastal1,000,000 King County/SeattleCoastal, High EQ Hazard570,000 Albuquerque, USAInland Plateau472,000 Venice, ItalyCoastal270,000 Rockville, USAInland Plain54,000 Dongtan, ChinaCoastal, Moderate EQ Hazard--

35 What to extract from the profiles Detailed Profiles City Profiles of Sound Practices (on CD) Short Profiles WHY?HOW? POLICY DETAILS IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS COORDINATION

36 Sound Practices and Lessons 1. Organizational structure & information-base 2. Institutional mechanism 3. Ownership by line departments 4. Climate change strategy 5. Public awareness 6. Accounting and reporting of GHG inventory 7. Hazard risk financing 8. DRM system considering CC impacts

37 Sound Practices and Lessons 9. Mitigation: Energy sector 10. Mitigation: Transport sector 11. Mitigation: Built environment & density 12. Mitigation: Forestry and urban greenery 13. Mitigation: Financial mechanisms 14. Adaptation: Infrastructure 15. Adaptation: Water conservation 16. Adaptation: Public health

38 Conclusions & next steps o Key take-aways from today o ? o Post-Pattaya o Synergies with ECO2 (more later) o Downscaling for specific clients o Investment infrastructure o Climate change strategies/ frameworks - TA o Questions? (clarification only – open discussion later in the day)

39 Investing in the future