AP World History Chapter 5 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E.

Independent developments 600 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Nile Region Kush Kush and Upper Nile Region Unified by 1000 B.C. Axum conquers Kush by 300 B.C.E. Ethiopia conquest of Axum Trade with Mediterranean some converts to Judaism Christianity by 300 C.E. West Africa Southern fringe of Sahara civilization Regional kingdoms Ghana

Independent developments 600 C.E.

Japan Shintoism (Religion) Agriculture well-established by 200 C.E. Regional states, c. 300 C.E. Writing introduced 400 C.E. Shintoism (Religion) Organized by 700 C.E. State formation by 600 C.E.

Northern Europe oral culture simple agriculture Sailing Animistic Germanic, Celtic, Slavic peoples loose kingdoms oral culture simple agriculture Sailing Animistic

Central America Olmec, c. 800–400 B.C.E. Successor Cultures No writing Pyramids Agriculture Especially corn Potatoes in Andes Domestication of animals Turkeys, dogs Calendars Successor Cultures Teotihuacan Maya from 400 C.E.

Polynesia Isolation Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga by 1000 B.C.E. Hawaii by 400 C.E.

China Decline Han Dynasty decline ca. 100 C.E. Daoist revival Yellow Turbans Epidemics Sui Dynasty Tang from 618 C.E. Continuity

India Decline Invasions from 600 C.E. Gupta empire destroyed Fragmentation Rajput Buddhism declines Hinduism worship of Devi popular Islam from 7th century control of Indian Ocean

Decline and Fall in Rome Leadership weak emperors Plagues Change from republican values hedonism Diocletian (284–305 C.E.) emperor worship Constantine (312–337 C.E.) Constantinople

Two Empires Eastern Western Population Population Constantinople Rome Greek Constantinople Continuity, vigor Byzantine Empire Justinian (527–565 C.E.) Justinian Code Population Latin, Germanic Rome decline, vulnerable Western Europe

Contributing to Fall of Rome Middle East Parthian Empire Sassanids from 227 C.E. Zoroastrianism D. North Africa Augustine bishop of Hippo Coptic church

The New Religious Map Common Features Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism Piety spiritual focus Afterlife emerge in period of political instability Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism Buddhism changes as it spreads Bodhisattvas nirvana Mahayana China, Korea, Japan minority religion

Christianity Institutional church Jesus of Nazareth Doctrine Roman influence Papacy bishops Jesus of Nazareth Salvation Spread Paul Doctrine trinity Monasticism Benedict of Nursia Rule Women spiritual equals of men

D. The Spread of Major Religions E. The World Around 500 C.E. Islam Later, 7th century D. The Spread of Major Religions Animism declines E. The World Around 500 C.E.