Unit 1 A -Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. . 1

Why are windows made of glass? CHEMISTRY & YOU Why are windows made of glass? In this lesson, you will learn how properties can be used to classify and identify matter. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. . 2

Matter What you observe when you look at a particular sample of matter is its properties. Is a solid shiny or dull? Does a liquid flow quickly or slowly? Is a gas odorless, or does it have a smell? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. . 3

Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space. (even air!) What is Matter? Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space. (even air!) How can matter be described? Matter can be described by properties. What are Properties? Distinguishing characteristics or attributes of a sample of matter. Examples: Color, Density, etc. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. . 4

What are the three states of matter that we will study? Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. . 5

What state or states could this substance be in? A substance is in a state in which it takes the shape of its container. What state or states could this substance be in? What are some possible examples of what this substance might be? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. . 6

How can we differentiate between a solid, liquid and gas? States of Matter How can we differentiate between a solid, liquid and gas? By the definition & the properties of each SOLID LIQUID GAS Definite Volume No Definite Volume Definite Shape No Definite Shape

States of Matter - Venn Diagram Activity Time States of Matter - Venn Diagram

Particle Motion Solid Liquid Gas Arrangement of Particles packed closely together Close together Far apart Movement of Particles Vibrate in fixed positions Move around in close proximity to each other Move freely within confines of the container

Conservation of Matter The Law of Conservation of Matter states… matter can not be created nor destroyed, but it can change forms

Classification of Matter - Pure One way to classify matter is based on its purity. Pure Substance – Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties. Example: Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions. If water ever tastes different then it isn’t pure water; it fits into the “OTHER” category.

Matter Cannot be separated physically Pure substance

Classification of Matter - Pure Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories: Elements and Compounds. Elements – Substances made up of only one type of atom. (Can NOT be separated by any physical OR chemical process.) Examples: Carbon Helium Gold

Classification of Matter - Pure Compound – Two or more elements chemically bonded together. (Can only be separated by a chemical reaction.) Examples: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Salt (NaCl) Sucrose (C12H22O11)

Matter Pure substance Element Metal Metalloid Located to the left of the staircase Located on the staircase Nonmetal Located to the right of the staircase

Matter Element Compound Pure substance Cannot be separated physically Can only be separated chemically Element Compound

Matter CH4 HNO3 NaOH NiCl2 Compound Pure substance Element Organic Inorganic Chemical formula starts with Carbon(C) Acid Base Salt Chemical formula starts with Hydrogen (H) Chemical formula ends with Hydroxide (-OH) Contains a metal element and a nonmetal element

Classification of Matter - Mixtures Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties. Even though it may look different, it is still copper and zinc. Each metal retains its own properties like melting point. Example: Copper and Zinc can be mixed together to produce brass.

Classification of Matter - Mixtures Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physically. If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals?

Matter Mixture Element Compound Pure substance Cannot be separated physically Can be separated physically Pure substance Mixture Element Compound

Classification of Matter - Mixtures Heterogeneous mixture – Uneven distribution of the different substances. You can see the different parts - “Chunky” Examples: Sand Granite Wood

Classification of Matter - Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture – Components are evenly mixed; “Smooth”, uniform throughout Salt water contains salt and water, but are mixed all the way to the atomic level, but it can still be separated by physical means. Seawater distillation plant Additional Examples of Homogeneous Mixtures: Blood, Coffee, Steel

Heterogeneous Mixture Matter Cannot be separated physically Can be separated physically Pure substance Mixture Cannot be separated Can see the parts Cannot see the parts Can be separated chemically Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Most pure Least pure

Separation of Mixtures Mixtures can be separated into their individual substances by using their properties. Example:

Classification of Matter - Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures – “Smooth”, uniform throughout mixtures are called SOLUTIONS Examples: Blood, Coffee, Steel

Classification of Matter - Mixtures SOLUTIONS: contains 1 or more substances being dissolved in a different substance. Unsaturated Solution: more of the substance can be dissolved (Dilute) Saturated Solution: the maximum amount of substance has been dissolved Supersaturated Solution: more than the maximum amount of substance has been dissolved

Using a solubility graph to determine the type of solution 50g of KCl at 900C? 30g of KNO3 at 200C? 40g of NaCl at 00C?