1. Classification of Matter

2. STATES OF MATTER Solids Particles packed close together
Particles are organized
Particles have a fixed position
Vibrating and rotating motion
Definite shape and volume

3. Liquids
Particles are farther apart than solids
Particles are free to slide past one another, able to flow
Particles have higher energy than solids
Definite volume and no definite shape

4. Gases
Particles very far apart from each other
Particles travel in a random manner
Particles have the highest energy
No definite shape or volume
Low density
Compressible

5. Phase Changes
Solid to liquid is called ___________________. Melting Liquid to solid is called ___________________. Freezing Liquid to gas is called ____________________. Evaporation Gas to liquid is called ____________________. Condensation

6. Phase Changes
Solid to gas is called ______________________. Sublimation Gas to solid is called ______________________. Deposition

7. Energy Changes
Changes that absorb energy are called _______. Endothermic Changes that release energy are called _______. Exothermic

8. Phase and Energy Changes
What phase changes are endothermic? Melting, evaporation, sublimation What phase changes are exothermic? Freezing, condensation, deposition

9. Classification of Matter
All matter can be divided into 2 categories.
Pure Substances
Mixtures

10. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance – Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties.
Example: Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions.

11. Pure Substances
Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories: compounds and elements.

12. Pure Substances
Compound – Two or more elements chemically bonded together.
Examples:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Water (H2O)
Salt (NaCl)
Sucrose (C12H22O11)

13. Pure Substances
Compounds have only 1 set of properties. They cannot be separated by any physical process.
- Can only be separated by a chemical reaction.
Water can be separated into Hydrogen and Oxygen by a process called Electrolysis.

14. Pure Substances
Elements – Substances made up of only one type of atom.
- Cannot be separated by any physical OR chemical process.
Examples:
Carbon
Helium
Gold

15. Mixtures
Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
Even though it may look different, it is still copper and zinc. Each metal retains its own properties like melting point.
Example: Copper and Zinc can be mixed together to produce brass.

16. Mixtures
Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physical means.
How could we separate the copper and zinc back out?

17. Mixtures
Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals?

18. Mixtures Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is not uniform
- You can see the different parts.
Examples:
Sand
Granite
Wood

19. Mixtures Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is not uniform
- You can see the different parts.
Examples:
Milk
Blood

20. Mixtures Homogeneous Mixture – mixture that is uniform (solution)
- Cannot see the parts.
Salt water contains salt and water, but it is uniform (homogeneous).
It can still be separated by physical means.
Seawater distillation plant

21. Separating Mixtures
Filtering
Can you filter a salt water solution?

22. Separating Mixtures Distillation
Method of separating mixtures based on differences in boiling points.

24. Differences between Compounds and Mixtures
Homogeneous
Separated by chemical means
Different properties from its components
Definite composition Ex: C12H22O11

25. Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Separated by physical means
Components retain their properties
No definite composition

26. Matter Mixture Element Pure Substance Compound
Can be separated physically
Cannot be separated physically
Mixture
Pure Substance
Cannot see the parts
Can be separated chemically
Can see the parts
Cannot be separated
Heterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)
Compound
Element