The Deep Roots of the Two World Wars WWI WWII

The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe Ethnic groups aren’t neatly organized in Europe (or anywhere else) –There have been numerous migrations of people into and around Europe at various times in history Thus groups of people are mixed together –Examples Balkans Sudetenland

A Noteworthy Ethnic Group- the Jews of Europe Ejected from Israel by the Romans in the 1 st century AD Diaspora Unwanted – pushed around Europe –Many countries accepted them, then booted them out, accepted them again –Example: Spanish ejection of the Moors and Jews in the same year Columbus sailed Jewish ‘apartness’ –Religious beliefs –culture –‘Killers’ of Christ –Model minority Money lenders –Why? –Why did this lead to persecution? Devotion to education –Why? –Why leads to persecution?

Jews of Europe (cont.) (model minority, cont.) Devotion to education –Why? –Why leads to persecution? A Long History of Persecution –Pogroms Black death Ghettoes in many places until Napoleon

Until about 300 years ago, most of Europe was divided by political ruler, not ethnicity –Subjects versus citizen –Political groups were heterogeneous ethnically –Habsburg example Germans, Slavs (eastern Europe/Russia), and Gauls (French) were some of the largest ethnic groups For 1000 yrs after the fall of the Roman Empire, the German ethnic group was divided into 300 weak states –The Holy Roman Empire Central goal of many in Europe (for example, the French) was to keep Germany divided into these 300 states –Why? Kingdoms Versus Nations

The Rise of Nationalism Age of Nationalism –Started in 19 th century –Political entities should be defined by ethnic group Nationalism upset the European balance of power –Germany unified under Bismarck –Prussian Leadership Sparta of the North Militaristic –Germany is now the largest nation on the continent

The German Behemoth Germany leapt into the Industrial Revolution –Quickly became 2 nd or 3 rd ish behind Britain/U.S. –German nationalism peaked Deutschland uber alles Bitter legacy of manipulation from the outside –Thirty Years’ War, Napoleon, etc. Bitterness of having missed out mostly in imperial land grab in Africa/Asia –Ironically, the Jewish situation wasn’t bad (relatively) in 19 th century Germany

Germany, Germany above all, Above all in the world, When, for protection and defense, it always takes a brotherly stand together. From the Meuse to the Memel, From the Adige to the Belt, Germany, Germany above everything, Above everything in the world.

Social Darwinism’s Impact on Nationalism in the 19 th Century Darwin’s ideas VS Survival of the Fittest among animal species Yay! Boo! Do we cry for this guy?

1870 Franco-Prussian War Germany defeated its old nemesis, France Starvation and shelling of Paris Humiliating treaty (for France) Afterwards Bismarck's goal was to keep France isolated –He knew they want revenge Bismarck fired by Wilhelm II Wilhelm II = dunderhead –Allowed France to make alliances with Russia and Britain –Messed with British dominance Guarantees Germans “A Place in the sun” Naval arms race

In 1914 WWI erupted Result of M.A.I.N. –Militarism Arms race of new industrial-age weapons –Alliance Any outbreak could cascade into a giant war –Imperialism Struggle for the best colonies –Nationalism Intense patriotism Social Darwinism New kind of war –total war –stalemate Germans attack first

Hansen Name _____________ WWIIPer ______ Lecture #2 - Deep Roots of the Two World Wars Note-taking Guide  The Mixed Ethnicities of Europe –Ethnic groups aren’t ____________________________ _____________________________________________ There have been _______________________ of people into and around Europe at various times in history –Thus groups of people are mixed together Examples –___________ –Sudetenland  A Noteworthy Ethnic Group- the Jews of Europe –Ejected from Israel by the _______ in the ___century AD –Diaspora- _____________________________________ –Unwanted – pushed around Europe Many countries ______________, then _____________, __________________ again Example: Spanish ejection of the Moors and Jews in the same year Columbus sailed –Jewish ‘apartness’ __________________ Model minority –Money lenders »Why?_____________________ __________________________ ___________________________ »Why did this lead to persecution? ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ –Devotion to education »Why? _____________________ __________________________ »Why leads to persecution? ____ ___________________________ ___________________________ –A Long History of Persecution Pogroms - __________________________ –Black death - _________________________ ____________________________________ Ghettoes in many places until _______________  Kingdoms versus Nations –Until about 300 years ago, most of Europe was divided by _____________________________________________ Subjects versus citizen - ____________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Political groups were heterogeneous ethnically Habsburg example –_____________, __________(eastern Europe/Russia), and __________(French) were some of the largest ethnic groups –For 1000 yrs after the fall of the Roman Empire, the German ethnic group was __________________________ The Holy ___________ Empire –Central goal of many in Europe (for example, __________) was to keep Germany _____________________________ Why?- ___________________________________ _________________________________________  The Rise of Nationalism –Age of Nationalism Started in _______________ Political entities should be defined _____________ –Nationalism upset the European _____________________ Germany unified under Bismarck _____________________________ –Sparta of the North –Militaristic Germany is now the _________________on the continent

 The Rise of Nationalism –Germany leapt into the Industrial Revolution Quickly became ____________________ behind ____________________________ German nationalism peaked –Deutschland uber alles - ________ _____________________________ –Bitter legacy of __________________ from the outside »Thirty Years’ War, Napoleon, etc. –Bitterness of having missed out mostly __________________ ___________________in Africa/Asia Ironically, the Jewish situation wasn’t bad (relatively) in 19 th century Germany  Social Darwinism’s Impact on Nationalism in the 19 th Century –Darwin’s ideas _____________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ –Impact on Nationalism and minority groups? _____ _________________________________________ _________________________________________  1870 Franco-Prussian War Germany defeated its old nemesis, ___________ Starvation and shelling _______________ _____________________ treaty (for France) Afterwards Bismarck's goal was to keep France ________ –He knew they wanted _______________ Bismarck fired by Wilhelm II Wilhelm II = _________________ –Allowed France to make alliances with _________ ________________________________________ –Messed with British dominance Guarantees Germans “A Place in the sun” - ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Naval arms race - ____________________ ___________________________________  In 1914 WWI Erupted –Result of M.A.I.N. Militarism –____________________________ ____________________________ Alliance –Any outbreak could ____________ ____________________________ Imperialism –Struggle for the best ___________ Nationalism –Intense _________________ –Social Darwinism –New kind of war total war- ____________________________ ____________________________________ Stalemate- ___________________________ _____________________________________ –Germans ________________