The Byzantine Empire Created by Amy Perez

Remember Rome? Deteriorating after 1,000 years Corrupt Government High taxes, inflation, unemployment, disease Deteriorating after 1,000 years Invasions led to a new capitol Military Decline Invasions by barbarian tribes Constantinople Mediterranean Sea

Empire Divides After Constantine East West

Western Empire falls in 476 A.D. The Dark Ages begin (The Middle Ages) War Feudalism Disease Ignorance

Western Empire falls in 476 A.D. The Dark Ages begin (The Middle Ages) But in the East… War Feudalism Disease Ignorance

Eastern Empire becomes And lasts for 1,000 years Center of Learning Trade Philosophy Medicine Architecture Law Code

Capital: Constantinople Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Military Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Capital: Constantinople Surrounded by water on 3 sides Thick walls surrounded city Center of trade Traders came on land and water from various regions of the world (Europe, Africa, and Asia)

Constantinople in A.D. 550 MAP SKILLS What might prevent or slow an invasion into Constantinople from the west? What are the benefits of conquering Constantinople?

Why the Byzantine Empire Survived Constantinople’s Location Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Large Army Merchants and common people were taxed to provide for an army Cultures Byzantium blended Roman, Greek, Middle Eastern, and Christian cultures. Why the Byzantine Empire Survived Constantinople’s Location Favorable location for trade and defense; between Europe and Asia; brought great wealth. Strong Government Strong laws helped emperors rule with absolute power. They controlled the State and the Church.

Mysterious Plague of Justinian Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Why did it Decline? Mysterious Plague of Justinian Broke out in 542 A.D. killing thousands each day Plague returned every 8-10 years, decreasing the population The Crusades Armies of knights from Western Europe pillaged the capital Invasions Frequent attacks from all sides shrank the size of the empire Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453

BREAK! Preventing Death by Lecture Everybody run in place Keep running, and find a partner Older student is partner 1 Younger student is partner 2 Partner 1: List 4 reasons why the Byzantine Empire survived Partner 2: List 3 reasons why the Byzantine Empire declined When you have listed your reasons, stop running in place and return to your desk

Emperor Justinian Educated, wise, strong ruler Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Emperor Justinian Educated, wise, strong ruler Extended rights to women Buy and own land, financial freedoms Improved the capital by building: Walls, bridges, parks, public baths, a palace, courts, schools, hospitals, churches, and markets

Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Restoring the Empire Justinian’s army regained control of Italy and restored the Roman Empire once again

Code Consisted of 4 Works Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Code of Justinian Justinian organized Roman laws into a single code which served for 900 years New laws added: RELIGION: Required all persons to belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church Code Consisted of 4 Works The Code Contained 5000 Roman laws The Digest 50 volumes of legal opinion The Institutes Textbook for law students The Novellae New laws passed after 534 A.D.

Interior Dome of Hagia Sophia Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Hagia Sophia Beautiful churches showed connection between Church and State Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”) was rebuilt after riots and became the emperor’s crowning glory Rich mosaics of saints and Jesus glittered in candle light Interior Dome of Hagia Sophia

Christianity Divides Byzantium Emperor Justinian A New Christianity Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Christianity Divides Preview: What might cause a church to divide against itself?

Differences Between Eastern and Western Christianity Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Differences Between Eastern and Western Christianity West: Roman Catholic East: Eastern Orthodox Services in Latin Services in Greek or local language Pope has authority over all bishops The patriarch and other bishops head the church as a group Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors Emperor claims authority over the patriarch and bishops Priests cannot marry Priests can married Divorce is not allowed Divorce is allowed

The Patriarch The leading bishop in the east Bowed to the emperor Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism The leading bishop in the east Bowed to the emperor Emperor ruled over patriarch The Patriarch

Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism What is an Icon? Religious images used in worship and ceremony to aid devotion Orthodox churches decorated with icons

Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Large Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism The Schism In 1054, the Pope and the Patriarch excommunicated each other Christianity was permanently divided between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East

Roman Catholic Pope Benedict Eastern Orthodox Patriarch Bartholomew MODERN CONNECTIONS: Today, the heads of both Christian Churches show goodwill towards one another though there is no movement to reunite the churches. What do these two men seem to be doing? In what ways are they alike? What differences separate them?

Influence on Russia Russia was greatly influenced by Byzantium Reasons for Survival Location Culture Government Military Army Reasons for Decline Emperor Justinian Restoring the Empire Code of Laws Hagia Sophia A New Christianity Eastern vs. Western Patriarch Icons The Schism Influence on Russia Russia was greatly influenced by Byzantium Orthodox Christianity Cyrillic alphabet Crafts and products In the 9th century, Russia emerged as a state centered around the city of Kiev

The Byzantine Empire Created by Amy Perez