ITU Global Forum Workshop Session The Role of Remote Sensing in Disaster Management Geneva, 11 December 2007 The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and the Hyogo Framework for Action Pedro Basabe, Dr. ès Sc. Senior advisor ISDR secretariat, Geneva

Overview II The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), Trends and vision III The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and implementation I IV Earth Observations and communications for risk and disaster management: recommendations and challenges

OVER THE LAST DECADE: 900,000 dead US$ 570B losses 2,600 million people affected poor people and countries most affected most disasters are weather/climate related Low income Lower-middle income Upper-middle income High income 1a. Human losses: numbers © 2006 NatCatSERVICE, Geo Risks Research, Munich Re Disaster trends & impacts -> rising 2. Economic losses: non-insured and insured Source: EM-DAT, OFDA/CRED, Brussels, world data : 1b. Human losses: hazards by personal income I

Common root causes –> Risk components Natural and human-induced hazards e.g.: geological, hydro-meteorological hazards, land degradation, climate change, etc. Socio-economic: poverty, unplanned urban growth, lack of awareness and institutional capacities... unplanned urban growth, lack of awareness and institutional capacities... Physical: insufficient land use planning, housing, infrastructures located in hazard prone areas... Environmental impact ecosystem degradation; coastal, watershed, marshlands…), etc. ecosystem degradation; coastal, watershed, marshlands…), etc. HAZARDS + EXTREME EVENTS VULNERABILITY / Capacities I Vision

The vision of disaster risk reduction Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk to natural hazards? Short answer: NO! Identification of hazards/vulnerability; monitoring and management of risk are integral to sustainable development. Risks will always remain Address root-causes to vulnerability: social, economic, environmental, technical-physical factors I

Reconstruction Risk identification Mitigation, EW Preparedness Response Recovery Disaster Disaster Risk Reduction actors (e.g. ISDR system) Humanitarian actors (e.g. OCHA, IASC) Holistic approach: combine efforts to reduce disaster impacts Risk & Disaster Management Cycle Sustainable Development actors (e.g. UNDP) I

Disaster Risk Reduction agenda and challenge Prior to 1990s - Civil Defence, Relief organizations: humanitarian response to emergencies During 1990s – International Decade on Natural Disaster (IDNDR), Yokohama strategy which also consider linkage between emergence of disasters/development Since 2000 – International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR): reduce disaster risk HFA: – Building the resilient communities and nations to d isasters as part of Development & linked to Humanitarian agenda Reactive Proactive I

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction – IDNDR, : The ISDR aims at building disaster resilient communities by promoting increased awareness of the importance of disaster reduction as an integral component of sustainable development, with the goal of reducing human, social, economic and environmental losses due to natural hazards and related technological and environmental disasters. II

The ISDR within the UN system (simplified chart) II

Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Living with Risk 2004 II

ISDR Main functions: (a) Policy, Strategy and Coordination (b) Advocacy and Communication (c) Information Management and Networks (PreventionWeb) (d) Regional outreach and partnership for implementation II UN/ISDR

(a) POLICY/STRATEGY: examples UN mainstreaming of DRR: –UN millennium Road Map –WSSD Johannesburg, Sep (political declaration) –Humanitarian agenda –Poverty eradication –LDCs action plan for sustainable development –SIDS and Barbados programme for action DRR into agendas, sectors or hazards: –Climate change: policy paper process (VARG…) for UNFCCC & IPCC –Early warning and tsunami: Intl EW Programme (Boon), UNESCO/IOC –Strengthening disaster preparedness at all levels (OCHA, Humanitarian sector) –Freshwater: Integrated flood management –UN initiative towards Earthquakes Safe Cities –Earth Observations and communications for DRR (UNOOSA, UN-SPIDER, ITU, UNOSAT, GEOSS, Geohazards, Respond, Intl Charter, etc. ) –Drought, desertification, dust storms (UNCCD, FAO, WFP, WMO, UNESCO) –Other thematic and hazards agendas II UN/ISDR

l Annual Awareness Campaign l UN Sasakawa Award for Disaster Reduction (annual) l ISDR Highlights (monthly), l ISDR Informs (biannual) l Guidelines, good practices, education & training materials l Stop Disaster on-line game, Riskland game, radio soap- operas, booklets… (b) ADVOCACY: examples

The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) : Building the resilience of Nations and Communities to disasters Adopted by 168 governments at the 2 nd World Conference on Disaster Reduction (GA res.) in Kobe, Japan on January 2005 (more than 4000 participants) III

The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build resilience to hazards The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency, response and recovery programmes Strategic goals III The Hyogo Framework for Action

Priorities for action Policies and governance: ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation. 2. Risk identification: identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. 3. Knowledge: use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. 4. Reducing the underlying risk factors: 1. Environment and natural resources management. 2. Social and economic development practices. 3. Land-use planning, building codes and other technical measures. 5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response The Hyogo Framework for Action III

4.Implementation and follow-up A. General considerations B. States - constituencies C. Regional organizations and institutions D. International organizations E. The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (Global Platform and coordination mechanisms) F. Resources mobilization Monitor progress: - Guidelines and indicators - Yearly report to the GA III Content (continue….): The Hyogo Framework for Action

III As result of consultations and coordinated work between relevant Space and UN agencies, the HFA incorporates specific references: Paragraph: B. 18. (i) (d) Promote the use, application and affordability of recent information, communication and space-based technologies and related services, as well as earth observations to support disaster risk reduction, particularly for training and for sharing and dissemination of information among different categories of users. The Hyogo Framework for Action

III Paragraph: B. 17. (g) Support the improvement of scientific and technical methods and capacities for risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, through research, partnerships, training and technical capacity- building. Promote the application of in situ and space-based earth observations, space technologies, remote sensing, geographic information systems, hazard modelling and prediction, weather and climate modelling and forecasting, communication tools and studies of the costs and benefits of risk assessment and early warning. The Hyogo Framework for Action

SUMMARY of the Hyogo Framework for Action : III

Summary (continued) III The Hyogo Framework for Action

Our objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focussing on nations and communities The instrument: Hyogo Framework for Action The vehicle: ISDR system - movement How to implement the HFA: Build a disaster risk reduction movement (ISDR system) III The Hyogo Framework for Action

ISDR system levels of action (platforms) National implementation National frameworks, multi-stakeholders, and multi disciplinary with Support from UN country team – when appropriate Thematic Building on existing networks, clusters, programmes and other mechanisms Regional Based on existing regional and sub-regional strategies and mechanisms ISDR programme coordinated international and regional efforts to support national and local capacities Global Platform report to GA Annual sessions Subsidiary Programme Advisory/Committee III The Hyogo Framework for Action

ISDR: National Platforms and Focal Points for Disaster Reduction (155)

National level : National platforms for DRR: 35 countries and 5 UK territories Focal points: 105 countries Regional level: Regional strategies - Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Pacific (Madang Framework), - Africa (AU/NEPAD), - Europe (Council of Europe), - LAC: Andean countries (CAN/CAPRADE), Central America (SICA/CEPREDENAC), Caribbean (CARICOM/CDERA), OAS,… - Regional centers: drought (China), seismic risk (Iran)… International level: - ISDR system: UN, international organizations and NGO - Global platform for DRR (June 2007: 124 governments, 1150 participants) - WB/GFDRR, regional development banks, Private Sector: Thematic level: -Early Warning (IEWP, Bonn); Recovery (IRP, Kobe); Capacity Development (CADRI, Geneva); El Niño Phenomenon (CIIFEN, Guayaquil); Wildland Fires (GFMC, Freiburg), Partnership for drought risk reduction. - Parnertship for the use of EO and communications for DRR (UNOOSA, UN- SPIDER, ITU, UNOSAT, GEOSS, Geohazards, Respond, Intl Charter, etc. ) Progress in implementation of the HFA III

Overview II The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), Trends and vision III The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and implementation I IV Earth Observations and communications for risk and disaster management: recommendations and challenges

Ex. 1: Disaster Management Mozambique Flooding, Feb - Mar 2007: Int. Charter and UNOSAT: flood extent maps Recipients: UN Res.Coor. office, WFP, OCHA, UNICEF, UNDP/BCPR, WHO, the International Organisation for Migrations, Save the Children, the National Disaster Management Institute of Mozambique, National Red Cross, Ministries and Institutes. Feb 2007: March 2007: IV

This is the worst cyclone season in the recorded history of the country Comments made by Dusan Zupka, the Senior Emergency Coordination Officer assigned to Madagascar by the United Nations (UN) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in Geneva Cyclone Indlala hitting Madagascar Ex. 2: Disaster Management Rapid Map Sheets, produced by RESPOND IV

On-line hazards and vulnerability maps Identification of people/zones at risk UNEP/GRID and UN/ISDR IV Ex. 1: Risk Management

Satellite imagery to plan mitigation measures geared to reduce El Niño phenomenon impacts CIIFEN, UNOSAT and UN/ISDR, Phase 1: provision of: - Landcover and infrastructure map - Data and information Manabi, Ecuador IV Ex. 2: Agriculture Risk Management

Access and affordability of EO, data and products for hazards/vulnerability identification, mapping, monitoring, early warning system and preparedness planning. Promote the access and use of communications to support DRR, sharing information, monitoring and EW systems and mitigation/preparedness measures. Knowledge exchange and transfer, institutional and professional capacity development, training and methods to facilitate the use of EO for risk mgt. Funding sources to: i) improve existing observing systems and research, ii) facilitate access and exchange of knowledge in particular with developing countries., III IV EO and telecommunications for Risk Management (DRR): Some recommendations

Some Challenges Move towards integrated risk and disaster management holistic approach Strengthening collaboration and coordination among different actors international coordinating mechanism or platform to provide EO services for risk and disaster management. Actors to agree in an international coordinated programme, based on users needs. Sustainable resources allocation: accessibility, capacity development and use in risk and disaster mgt. To contribute to specific projects on the ground: risk identification, monitoring and EW systems, preparedness planning and mitigation measures. III IV

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