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Chapter 39 - The Cold War expands Were the methods used by the U.S to contain communism justified ?

ESPIONAGE

Europe feels the Heat of the Cold War Mission 1

Berlin Blockade – 1948 , Soviet Union set up a blockade around Berlin to force Allies to give up plans for a West German nation. Berlin Air Lift – President Truman drops supplies into Berlin to break the Blockade. NATO – Military alliance in which allied nations agreed to come to each other’s defense in case of a Soviet Attack

Berlin Why did Stalin place a blockade around Berlin?

The Berlin Airlift How did Truman respond to Stalin’s Blockade? Why was it considered a success?

Czechloslovakia 1948 Stalin uses troops to help communists seize control (coup d’etat) Rights suppressed (freedom of press, speech) Private farm land taken and given to the state NATO is formed

Europe (1949) What nations made up NATO? How did the Soviet’s respond to NATO? North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Hungary What did the people in Hungary revolt against in 1956? Why were the people of Hungary upset with the U.S?

Were the strategies of providing aid, forming alliances, and doing nothing in an attempt to contain Communism in Europe successful during these years? Why or why not? Do you agree or disagree with the United States’ decision to not help the people of Czechoslovakia and Hungary resist Communism? Why

Cold War spreads to Asia Mission 2

Mao Zedong –Communist leader of China Korean War – (1950) North Korean Communists invaded South Korea The U.S helped defend the south but after the war Korea remained divided at the 38th Parallel.

China Mao Zedong led a communist revolt of China in 1949 U.S was concerned that the China and the Soviet Union would form an alliance U.S lifted restrictions on Japan U.S cut off trade with China Some favored good relations with China to weaken the Soviet Union

Korean War Communists took over power in North Korea after WWII Korean War began when the north invaded the south in 1950 Douglas MacArthur led U.S troops Wanted to blockade China and bomb them for helping the North 54,000 U.S soldiers died Divided into communist north and non-communist south

North Korea General MacArthur 38th Parallel and the Demilitarized zone

Were the strategies of using military force and providing and withholding aid successful in containing Communism in Asia? Explain why or why not.

Fighting the Cold War in other parts of the World Mission 3

Third World – U.S and Soviet Union tried to aid developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia in an attempt to spread their influence Covert Action–secret political, economic, and military operations by the CIA to contain Communism

Fighting the Cold War in other parts of the world Third World Nations were poor developing nations in Latin America, Africa and Asia. The U.S and U.S.S.R competed to win their support

Propaganda took many forms from books, news articles , films, and radio broadcasts. USIA beamed pro-U.S broadcasts to the Soviet Bloc CIA funded Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty Staff members were from E. Europe and Russia.

Supporting Friendly Governments Truman feared that people who were frustrated and disappointed due to poverty would turn to communism for support U.S provided funds for farming, health care and military aid Some dictators were given aid and used it to oppress their people which created anti-american sentiment

Egypt Egyptian leader Bamal Abdul Nasser brought tanks and weapons from the Czechs. U.S and England stopped financing the Aswan Dam on the Nile River Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal from England leading to an invasion by England and Israel. Soviet’s threatened to back up Egypt with force U.S convinced both sides to withdraw.

CIA What covert methods did both sides utilize? Wiretapping Satellite photo U-2 Flights Bribery Remove or elect anti-communist leaders Assassination

Guatemala Why did the CIA overthrow the President of Guatemala? Why were the people of Guatemala angry with the government the U.S put in place?

Dominican Republic Voters in 1962 elected Juan Bosch president Military Coup took him out of office Communist supporters tried to return him to power U.S troops sent in to crush the revolt.

Were the strategies of employing the CIA for covert actions or spreading propaganda effective in containing Communism around the world? Why or why not. Were the strategies of providing or withholding aid successful in containing Communism around the world? Why or why not.

The Arms Race threatens global destruction

Brinkmanship – U.S foreign policy that involved going to the brink of war in order to contain Communism Deterrence – developing a weapon arsenal so deadly that the Soviet’s would not dare attack Arms Race – competition to achieve weapons superiority ICBM’s – intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

H-Bomb Hydrogen Bomb 1952 500 times more powerful 1953 – Soviet’s tested one

ICBM’s 1960 Nuclear War Heads Intercontinental ballistic Missiles Nuclear Power Submarines (16 missiles)

Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles Go to the edge or brink of war Soviet’s had to believe that the U.S would use their nukes if pushed to far Be ready to go to war to keep peace

Taiwan Zedong ordered Chinese troops to fire on Taiwanese lands of Quemoy and Matsu Prepare for invasion U.S threatened nuclear attack on China China backed off

Mutual Assured Destruction Why has MADD been an effective strategy? What has the downside been with this strategy?

Why do many feel that MADD is an ineffective strategy today ?

Did the United States employ different strategies in different parts of the world? If so, give an example.

Mission 5 – Where is this place?

In what parts of the world was the United States most successful in fighting the spread of communism? Least successful?

Containment strategies A) Do nothing B) Employ the CIA for covert actions or spreading propaganda. C) Use of military force. D) Form alliances for collective security or other purposes. E) Provides or withholds aid. F) Use the threat of a nuclear attack as a deterrent.

What strategies did the U. S employ to contain communism What strategies did the U.S employ to contain communism? Provide specific examples of these strategies and explain whether or not these were they effective