ECE 477 Design Review Team 03 - Spring 2013 Robert HarrisSpencer JulianRyan PawlingJosh Hunsberger

Outline Project Overview Project-Specific Success Criteria Block Diagram Component Selection Rationale Packaging Design Schematic and Theory of Operation PCB Layout Software Design and Development Status Project Completion Timeline Questions and Discussion

Project Overview What is "Hackers of Catron"? o An electronic Settlers of Catan® board. Settlers of Catan® is a resource gathering and trading board game in which players compete to build the largest economy. What we will improve upon? o The game is really fun, but it takes too long to set up. This project will shorten the setup process. o This design will make resource gathering and spending automatic. o Hackers of Catron also intends to simplify the execution of Catan without adding more complexity.

Project Specific Success Criteria An ability to generate a random Catan board and represent the resources and their relative scarcity visually. An ability to detect the placement of pieces on the board and update game status accordingly. An ability to display game status (current scores, resources, etc.) via a web interface. An ability to enforce correct turn based gameplay via the board lighting and web interface. An ability to handle resource trading between players via the web interface.

Block Diagram USB ll Raspberry Pi Web Server AVR32 UC3 B Microcontroller (8) Hall Effect Sensors Economy Control Logic RGB LED Driver Single Hall Effect Sensor Game Control Code 7 Segment LED Display Driver Wifi Access Point (8) 7 Segs 5 sets (daisy-chained) (3) RGB LEDs 7 sets (daisy-chained) Hall :1 MUX 18 Sets Addr - 3 SPI 2 I2C Load Enable Seg 8 Dig 8 RGB 3 Hall TWI

Microcontroller Selection Rationale Selected Microcontroller: Atmel AT32UC3B064/0128 Supply Voltage: 3.3 V o Min for RGB Driver is 3.0 V o Max for hall Effect is 3.6 V Number of I/O Pins: 44 o 22 GPIO (Hall Effect Sensor Array) o 2 GPIO (RGB Driver) o 1 SPI (7-Seg Driver) o 1 I 2 C (Raspberry Pi) Cost: Free, samples provided Speed: 60 MHz

Peripheral Selection Rationale Raspberry Pi o Good support for running a web server over an access point o Can use python for cgi web application coding o Cost $35 vs BeagleBone at $89 RGB Driver Omron W2RF004RM o Operates at 3.3 V o Can address individual LEDs o Daisy-chain several drivers o Drives 3 RGBs per driver Seven Segment Driver AMS AS1116 o Operates at 3.3 V o SPI compatible o Daisy-chain several drivers o Display 8 digits per driver

Packaging Design Hexagon shape o Each side is 9 inches o 18 x 15.5 inch dimensions o Internal structure x 14.4 inches o 2.58 inches tall, ~.25 inches from top of package to PCB 19 Internal Hexagons o Each side is 1.8 inches o 3.61 x 3.13 inch dimensions o ~.25 inches tall Frosted Acrylic top surface o Diffuse LED light o Smooth playing surface

Packaging Design - Measurements

Packaging Design - 3D Drawing

Schematic - Hall Effect Sensor Array 18 Parallel Modules

Theory of Operation - Hall Effect Sensor Array Purpose o Detect presence and position of playing pieces Mode o Hall Effect sensor detects magnetic pieces, changes output o Hall Effect outputs grouped into sets of 8, go to input of multiplexer o Multiplexer output controlled by Microcontroller via 3 select pins o Multiplexer outputs go to Microcontroller, total 18 return lines Operation o Supply: 3.3V (all) o Hall Effect: Active low, open drain o Multiplexer: 8:1, complementary output

Schematic - Hexagon RGB LED Array 7 Serial Modules Chip Address Data In Data Out LEDs

Theory of Operation - Hexagon RGB LED Array Purpose o Distinguish hex resources Mode o Microcontroller sends commands via two wires to seven RGB drivers o Chips echo data and clock input, so they can be daisy-chained o Commands set RGB color, brightness, and transition speed Operation o Supply: 3.3V (IC) o LED control outputs can be powered by the 5V rail since they are open-drain o RGB LED: 5V 15mA, parallel

Schematic - Seven Segment Rarity Display SPI Bus Seven Segment Displays 5 Serial Modules

Theory of Operation - Seven Segment Rarity Display Purpose o Display Rarity, Dice Roll, and Likelihood of roll for each resource Mode o Microcontroller sends commands to AMS AS1116 Seven Segment Driver o Chips echo data, so data can be daisy chained. o Commands set numbers, brightness, digit, among other things o Rarity, Dice Roll, or Likelihood determined by user or board location Operation o Supply: 3.3 V (all) o 160mA / driver o SPI

Schematic - Microcontroller Reset Switch Programming Raspberry Pi Communication & Power Row Select Rarity Display Hex Display Column Return External Clock

Theory of Operation - Microcontroller Purpose o Scan sensors, control display, enforce game rules, communicate with Raspberry Pi Mode o PLL controls operating frequency (external oscillator) o GPIO to scan the Hall Effect Sensors o GPIO to control the RGB driver o I2C to communicate with the Raspberry Pi o SPI to control the seven segment driver Operation o Supply Voltage: 3.3V o Clock Speed: 60MHz

Schematic - Power Isolation Jumpers 3.3V Regulated Output 5V Unregulated from Wall Adapter

Theory of Operation - Power Supply Purpose o Supply power to IC's, Raspberry Pi, and LEDs. Mode o AC wall adaptor supplies 5V unregulated voltage to board o Unregulated voltage powers Raspberry Pi and RGB LEDs o 5V regulated down to 3.3V to power ICs and seven segment displays o Jumpers isolate each power stage from rest of board is required o 5.3V Zener Diode to help protect against over-voltage Operation o Supply: 5V, 4A  Raspberry Pi: 0.7A  RGB LEDs: 1.7A  Voltage Regulator: 1A

PCB Design Considerations Large PCB size due to number of sensors and LEDs over a large area. o Approximately 15"x17" o 145 hall effect sensors, 20 7-seg displays, 38 RGB LEDs Wide traces needed for 5V power rail to RGB LEDs o At peak must provide ~1.7A, need 20mm trace LEDs and hall effect sensors must be on top layer Headers for communication and programming Will need to use auto routing for the some of the board

RGB LED Layout 6 RGB LEDs per driver 7 total drivers Hexagons grouped appropriately Driver placed near "center" of group

7-segment Display Layout 8 7-segment displays per driver 5 total drivers Hexagons grouped appropriately Driver placed near "center" of group

Hall Effect Sensor Layout 145 total sensors 8 sensors per multiplexer Organized so that ever hex (except middle hex) has 8 sensors Each hex (except middle hex) has 1 multiplexer 18 total multiplexers Single sensor in middle hex connected directly to microcontroller

Full PCB

PCB Layout

Zoom of Hexagons

PCB Layout

Software Design Boot Time o Randomize rarities and resource locations o Self-test LEDs and LCDs o Animate board while waiting for raspberry pi After boot, before game o Get player information o Additional network setup, if necessary o Set starting settlements (in turn) o Assign players starting resources Post Game o Ask for new game. If no, shutdown. During Game o Roll Dice, assign resources o Check if player wants to trade  If yes, trade selected resources with selected player o Check if player wishes to purchase  If yes, remove resources necessary to purchase selected object  Wait for placement on board  Confirm placement (visual notice on board as well) o If invalid piece placement, pause game until piece removed (visual notice on board as well).

Software Development Status Raspberry Pi Testing o Successfully communicating via I 2 C running Raspbian o Web server running and serving a preliminary interface o May switch to Arch due to boot time. mbed Testing o RGB LED Driver working correctly, as is the RGB LED.  Uses 40-bit custom protocol o Seven Segment Display Driver also working correctly, as is the Seven Segment Display. o Hall Effect Sensor responding to various magnets as expected. Microcontroller Testing o Microcontroller starting and blinking LED o Currently working to communicate via I 2 C, SPI, and RGB Driver protocol.

Project Completion Timeline March 22 o PCB obtained, Power populated, Micro populated o Micro communicating with some driver o Web interface ready to communicate March 29 o PCB 50% populated o Micro communicating with 1 other driver and hall effect sensors April 5 o PCB Fully Populated o Micro communicating with all drivers April 12 o Micro communicating with Raspberry Pi April 19 o All game code complete o Animations, sensing, etc. complete April 26 o Testing complete o Full game working

Summary Hackers of Catron is an electronic version of Settlers of Catan ®. The game uses a Hall Effect Sensor array to sense pieces and locations. A bank of RGB LEDs is used to display resources and provide real-time board status. The drivers are interfaced with using SPI. Seven Segment Displays are used to display resource rarity. The drivers are interfaced with using SPI, again. A Raspberry Pi running a web server and an access point can be connected to using a smartphone, which will display player status and interface with the board. It is interfaced with using I 2 C.