Translation & Interpreting Studies II New Directions in Interpreting Studies 1 March 2010

Interdisciplinarity in Interpreting Studies Interdisciplinarity:  The integration of elements (theories, methods) between two disciplines or from one discipline into another (Klein 1990)

Interdisciplinarity in Interpreting Studies Disciplines:  stable epistemic communities in which there are shared practices (Fuller 2003: online)

Interdisciplinarity in Interpreting Studies Is Interpreting Studies a discipline?  cf. Gambier et al. 1997, Lambert & Moser- Mercer 1994, Gile 1995 for arguments for and against such a classification.  No, part of interdisciplinary Translation Studies

Interdisciplinarity in Interpreting Studies Disciplines of influence  Orality Studies  Literary Theory  Linguistics Neurolinguistics Psycholinguistics Discourse Analysis Text Linguistics Pragmatics

Interdisciplinarity and Interpreting Studies Disciplines of Influence  Cognitive Science Information Processing  Sociology Power dynamics Social Interaction and the Self

Interdisciplinarity in Interpreting Studies Sociology  power and appropriation of power by individual actors and institutions in the interpreting context (Katan and Straniero- Sergio 2003; Inghilleri 2003, 2005; Maryns 2006)  the role of the Self and interpreter agency in interpreted interaction (Diriker 2004; Bot 2005)

Interdisciplinarity and Interpreting Studies Ethnomethodology  ‘the social practices of real people in real settings, and the methods by which these people produce and maintain a shared sense of social order’ (Garfinkel 2002:117).  Developed by Garfinkel (1967)  Interviews about how interpreters view their work (Diriker 2004; Inghilleri 2007)

Interpreting and Ideology Ideology  in the neutral sense of a world view, a largely unconscious theory of the way the world works accepted as common-sense” (Fowler 1985: 65).

Interpreting and Ideology Interpreting and Ideology: Types of Research  Corpus-based Text/Discourse Analysis  Sociological Research

Interpreting and Ideology Text/Discourse Analysis in the EU institutional context (Beaton 2007; Beaton- Thome in press)  Text in studies of interpreting  Recording and transcription of data  Data Analysis

Interpreting and Ideology Theoretical Framework  Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Ideology is manifest in discourse which in turn is manifest in text  Conceptual Metaphor strings  Lexical Repetition / contested lexical labelling  Intertextuality / discoursal embeddedness  Pronoun use

Interpreting and Ideology Theoretical Framework  Dialogised Heteroglossia (Bakhtin) Centripetal force [unitary language of a dominant ideology, such as EU institutional hegemony (fragments of a shared dominant ideology)] Centrifugal force [heteroglossic language of a non- dominant ideology, such as interpreter axiology (personal system of beliefs and ethics)]

Interpreting and Ideology Findings: Strengthening of EU institutional hegemony in TT  Intertextuality Omission of intertextual reference in TT  Lexical Repetition Stylistic explicitation using institutional terms in TT  Conceptual Metaphor Strings Aspects of conceptual metaphors occurred earlier in the TT than the ST and were expanded considerably more in the TT  Pronoun use Inclusion of stable institutional ‘we’ reference; weakening of marginal identities  Contested lexical labelling (detainee) Lexical Contraction Thus, the very fact that institutional communication is interpreted is, in itself, ideologically significant.

Sociological Research Sociological approaches to the asylum process in the UK [Inghilleri (2003,2005a, 2005b, 2007)]  Investigation of the nationalist agenda in the political asylum system in the United Kingdom  Tension between public discourses oriented towards mutual understanding (democratic iterations) and discourses in which pre-established power relations are maintained (authorised discourses) (Inghilleri 2007:195).

Sociological Research Sociological research (Inghilleri)  ‘Objective’ role of the interpreter? “The interpreters involved in this process do not come from nowhere” (Inghilleri 2007:207) Cooptation (of interpreters into the asylum system (Inghilleri 2007:208)  Cooptation: the tactic of neutralizing or winning over a minority by assimilating them into the established group or culture

Sociological Research Model of norms in interpreted political asylum interviews (Inghilleri 2003)  Bourdieu Habitus: “a set of durable dispositions to act in particular ways” (Inghilleri 2003:245) Interpreting norms  The interpreter as conduit  The interpreter as community advocate  The interpreter’s invisibility  Monolingual monoculture

Sociological Approaches Interpreters as “pivotal players in the emergence of a global society, not in some over-idealised linguistic or cultural conduit role but as participants in discourse” (Inghilleri 2007:210)