1. Translation commentary

2. Types of ‘commentary’ (1) Annotations: comments on a specific number of individual points in the text –tendency to focus on (micro)linguistic issues –limited scope for discussion of important macrotextual aspects or issues beyond the text, e.g. author- translator collaboration –impractical for multimedia texts –not used in Manchester MA

3. Types of ‘commentary’ (2) Essay: in-depth discussion of key aspects of text –allows more informed analysis –makes available a wide choice of topics for discussion –is flexible in structure –shows relevance of theoretical frameworks and research –links theory and practice –can accommodate multimedia texts – approach used in Manchester MA

4. Translation brief Starting point for translation and for commentary Should be described precisely, whether real or imaginary Should be plausible Is likely to influence global and local strategies May be referred to later in discussion of choices

5. Main part of commentary Focuses on two or three topics of interest How to choose? –What are key issues in ST and/or TT? –Where is focus of decision-making or difficulty during translation process? –What elements are most interesting for discussion? –What are elements which can be described and discussed informatively?

6. Examples of topics for focus(1) Poetry: rhyme, metre, form, imagery, intertextuality, … Drama: performability, dialect, characterisation, … Fiction: characterisation, point of view, narration, dialogue, literary stylistics, dialect/sociolect, intertextuality, … Film: cinematographic elements, dialogue, characterisation, literary adaptation, taboo, subtitling conventions, constraints, …

7. Examples of topics (2) Non-literary: genre conventions, audience design, information and thematic structure, metadiscourse, reader-writer interaction, hedging, persuasion, ideology, popularisation, terminology creation, term standardisation, organisational discourse,… Speeches: rhetorical structure, delivery, ideology,…

8. Examples of topics (3) Commercial websites: (social) semiotics, cultural specificity, localisation, globalisation, internationalisation,… Advertising material: semiotics, visual rhetoric, linguistic creativity, wordplay, …

9. More topics (4) Position of ST and TT in respective cultures Position and conventions of genre Linguistic patterning Register Collocation Cohesion Speech acts

10. More topics (5) Politeness Humour Metaphor (incl. in non- literary texts) Neologisms Technical aspects (e.g. in website design/editing, subtitling) Collaboration with ST author

11. More topics (6) Historical, social, political, scientific, aesthetic significance of ST Reception of ST Ideological aspects Translation norms Translation ethics etc.

12. Commentary guidelines Discussion is focused and is informed by relevant theoretical concepts, approaches, frameworks, typologies Examples from ST and TT are discussed within this framework Metalanguage is used appropriately in analysis Essay-writing conventions are followed (sections and sub- sections, referencing, bibliography)