Alcohol and Nutrition Beverages Brain Absorption Liver Liver Deterioration Excretion Metabolism Quiz Malnutrition Nutrition Facts Short-term Effects Long-term Effects University Use

Alcohol in Beverages Each of these servings equals one drink

Alcohol in the Stomach 20% absorbed immediately in empty stomach Food slows absorption Enzyme: Alcohol Dehydrogenase- decreases amount of alcohol entering the blood by 20%

Alcohol in the Liver Processes one drink per hour or ½ oz. of ethanol Alcohol makes the biggest impact on the liver

NAD + NADH + H + NAD + NADH + H + Alcohol (ethanol) Alcohol dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde Acetate Acetyl CoA CoA Alcohol Metabolism High concentration of acetaldehyde to brain and other tissues are responsible for many of the damaging effects

Liver Deterioration 1.Fatty Liver –Accumulation of fat 2.Fibrosis –Cells: lose their function characteristics of connective tissue cells 3.Cirrhosis –Cells: die permanently lose their function Cirrhosis

Excretion of Alcohol Alcohol is not digested nor chemically changed in the blood stream Amount of alcohol in breath and urine proportional to amount still in bloodstream

Alcohol’s Effects on the Brain Impaired judgment, relaxed inhibitions, altered heart rate Impaired coordination, delayed reaction time, exaggerated emotions, impaired peripheral vision, impaired ability to operate a vehicle Slurred speech, blurred vision, staggered walk, seriously impaired coordination and judgment Double vision, inability to walk Uninhibited behavior, confusion, inability to comprehend 0.40 to Unconsciousness, shock, coma, death (cardiac or respiratory failure)

Nutrition Facts Contributes to fat storage in central region aka “Beer Belly” 7 kcal/gram Recommendation: Not more than two drinks/day for average-size man; one drink/day for average-size woman

Alcohol & Malnutrition Primary Malnutrition- alcohol displaces food Secondary Malnutrition-alcohol interferes with digestion and absorption of nutrients Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- Thiamin deficiency

Alcohol’s Short-Term Effects Binge Drinking (4+ or 5+ drinks) –Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol consumption: –Suicide (33%) –Homicide (50%) –Accidents (50%) DE (2002)DE (2007) -> 51 fatalities19 fatalities –Violence (Robbery, rape, assault) –Victim of crime –Injury (falls, drownings, fire)

Alcohol’s Long-Term Effects Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Liver Disease Kidney Disease Heart Disease Cancer

University Use Students drink 4 billion cans of beer yearly 360,000 of 12 million undergraduates will die from alcohol-related causes while in school Nearly ½ of college students are binge drinkers Average student spends $900 per year on alcohol (books $450/year)

1.What is considered one drink? A.10 oz. beer B. 6 oz. glass of wine C. 1 ½ oz. hard liquor D. 8 oz. wine cooler 2.What is Delaware’s Blood Alcohol Concentration Limit? A..20 B..05 C..10 D What is the approximate BAC when a person has slurred speech, staggered walk & blurred vision? A..30 B..15 C..10 D..05 Answers: 1. C 2. D 3. B Quiz