Legacies of the Sectional Conflict I) Introduction Historians on the Legacies of the Civil War Economic Republican economic program Mechanization, industry Southern dependence Political Republican dominance Rise of “Solid South” Constitutional Union cannot be dissolved Executive powers 13 th, 14 th, 15 th amendments

II) Race and the Civil War The Union and Slavery “Contraband” Contraband Camps Confiscation Acts Emancipation Proclamation

“First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation” (1864)

Adalbert Volck, “Writing the Emancipation Proclamation ”

Thomas Waterman Wood A Bit of War History: The Contraband, the Recruit, the Veteran

III) The Constitution and the Civil War Interpretations Issues Pre-war and war-time pressures Civil rights amendments

IV) Post-War Social Issues and the Rise of the First “Welfare” State Freedmen’s Bureau Education Labor National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Patriotism and Pathos Soldiers’ Pensions Process Controversy Soldiers’ Orphans’ Schools and Homes

Main Building, NHDVS, Northwestern Branch

Pensions

Homes for Soldiers’ Orphans in Pennsylvania

V) A New South and the Lost Cause New South Industrialization, Immigration, Urbanization, Fairness Henry Grady Lost Cause Lee Memorials Confederate Veteran United Daughters of the Confederacy Reunions Grand Army of the Republic United Confederate Veterans Reconciliation

VI) Race A White Man’s Country Jim Crow Disfranchisement Mississippi Plan Grandfather clause Poll taxes White primary Sharecropping African-American response

The African American Response to Racism “The Question of the Color Line” Booker T. Washington “Accomodation” Exodusters W. E. B. DuBois “Talented Tenth” Niagara Movement NAACP

Exoduster cabin, Tuskegee Institute

VII) What the Civil War Means to Us Historical Memory David W. Blight Controversies Enola Gay Confederate Flag Swift Boat Veterans Textbooks Patriotism Diversity Blight: Race and Reunion

“For every southern boy... “ For every Southern boy fourteen years old, not once but whenever he wants it, there is the instant when it's still not yet two o'clock on that July afternoon in 1863, the brigades are in position behind the rail fence, the guns are laid and ready in the woods and the furled flags are already loosened to break out and Pickett himself with his long oiled ringlets and his hat in one hand probably and his sword in the other looking up the hill waiting for Longstreet to give the word and it's all in the balance, it hasn't happened yet, it hasn't even begun yet, it not only hasn't begun yet but there is still time for it not to begin against that position and those circumstances which made more men than Garnett and Kemper and Armistead and Wilcox look grave yet it's going to begin, we all know that, we have come too far with too much at stake and that moment doesn't need even a fourteen-year-old boy to think This time. Maybe this time with all this much to lose than all this much to gain: Pennsylvania, Maryland, the world, the golden dome of Washington itself to crown with desperate and unbelievable victory the desperate gamble, the cast made two years ago....

A Murder in Kentucky: Uses and Abuses of Civil War Memory Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War (1999) Tony Horwitz