Teacher’s Notes Fuel Starter:- Wood Shavings, Scrap pieces of paper. Post it notes, Poster Paper Comparing fuels:- –Per group: two spirit burners labelled A and B, boiling tubes, a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder, a thermometer, a clamp stand and a stop clock. Fuel A is ethanol and fuel B is paraffin. –Graph Paper Extension:- Food Energy –Per group:- Food Samples:- Crisps, walnuts, corn flakes, food burning clips (wooden base with spikes), 05/10/2015

Connector 1.Name three different types of Energies. 2.What is Energy measured in? 3.What three things do we need in order for Combustion to occur?

05/10/2015 Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment To be able to design a reliable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results. Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.

What makes a good fuel? Demo burning of three different types of fuels:- –Wood Shavings, –Small pieces of paper, –Bunsen burner Discuss which fuel is best? What makes a good fuel? How could you find out which fuel is best? 05/10/2015

Today we will plan and carry out an experiment to test which fuel is best.. 05/10/2015

Fuel Experiment Demo Demonstrate the two fuels burning inside a spirit burner. Go through the different safety aspects involved. Students to write up an appropriate Risk Assessment (using writing frames). Students plan the variables involved in the experiment.. 05/10/2015

Comparing Fuels Experiment Aim:- To be able to design and carry out an experiment to test which fuel is best. 05/10/2015

What is a Variable in an experiment? A variable is something we can change in an experiment. On your post it notes write down as many different variables with this experiment as you can think of. On your poster draw the table below:- Arrange your post it notes in the table. 05/10/2015 Types of VariablesVariable name Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variable

05/10/2015 Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results. Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.

How can we ensure our experiment is repeatable and valid? Repeatability:- To ensure an experiment is repeatable you should repeat the experiment at least 3 times ensuring your results are similar each time. Validity:- We can ensure our experiment is Valid by ensuring we only change the IV in the experiment and that all other variables are kept constant. 05/10/2015

Results Table Using your variables draw an appropriate Results table. Remember that IV always go on the left hand side and DV on the right hand side. 05/10/2015 Types of Variables Variable name Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variable

Results Table Type of FuelInitial Temperature of Water (°C) Final Temperature of Water (°C) Change in Temperature (°C) A B 05/10/2015 Reading 1 Type of FuelInitial Temperature of Water (°C) Final Temperature of Water (°C) Change in Temperature (°C) A B Reading 2 Type of FuelInitial Temperature of Water (°C) Final Temperature of Water (°C) Change in Temperature A B Reading 3 Can you spot any errors? Do all your repeated results look similar? If not you should repeat any that don’t.

Equipment Boiling tubes 2 Holder Water Thermometer Fuel Safety goggles Stopwatch Heat proof mat 05/10/2015

Average Results Add up your 3 readings for Change in Temperature and divide by 3. Draw an appropriate graph to show your results. Remember if both your variables (IV and DV) are numbers then you should draw a line graph otherwise draw a bar graph. 05/10/2015 Type of FuelAverage increase in temperature (°C)

Criteria for graph levels Labelled axis Written units Lines in pencil Used at least 2/3 rd of the graph Neat columns Range is good Title written 05/10/2015

Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results. Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.

Conclusion Form an appropriate conclusion. Which fuel was best? How did you know? Refer to your graph to form an example. 05/10/2015

Extension Repeat the experiment for testing which food has most energy:- –Crisps –Corn Flakes –Walnuts –VideoVideo 05/10/2015

Fuels Alight Lesson Outcomes To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors. To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results. Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.