Chapter One New World Beginnings AP U.S. History

The Shaping of North America Ice Age Land Bridge – 40,000 yrs ago!! Western Hemisphere – 1500 – 50 – 70 million

Earliest Americans Respect for environment Trade important Family – kinships/clans Oral History Strong religion/belief in spirits

European Motives for Exploration in the Age of Discovery Emerging nation-states sought power; competed against rivals New technology enabled Europeans to dominate Economics - Need for new markets esp. from the East (e.g., spices) Desire to Christianize new peoples Renaissance (starting late 14th c. lasting well into 16th c.) Atmosphere of rebirth, optimism, exploration

Indirect Discoverers of the World Crusades – Spices, silks, etc Looking for routes

Europeans Enter Africa Marco Polo African winds – problems? Portuguese – caravel – to help find an all-water route to Asia African Coast – trading posts Slavery – Before Portugal – could move out of slavery – After Portugal – becomes intercontinental business, no moving out! – 12 million

Columbus Comes Upon a New World Why? Wealth, glory Christianity Backed by Spain – competition with Portugal Renaissance Page 14 ***** Changed 4 continents – KNOW!!!!!

When World’s Collide Columbian Exchange – Chart page 15 ***** KNOW!!! Sugar Cane Negatives

The Spanish Conquistadors Encomiendas Balboa – Pacific Ocean Magellan – circumnavigate Ponce de Leon - Florida De Soto - Southeast Pizarro – Inca’s Cortes – pages 20 – 21 – big religious differences

The Spread of Spanish America Cabot Cartier Spain encouraged settlement in 3 areas: – Southeast Coast – protest fleets of gold/silver – St. Augustine, FL – Southwest – mining – West Coast – est trade routes across Pacific, set up missions

Questions What role did disease and forced labor (including slavery) play in the early settlement of the Americas? Were the Spanish and Portuguese “harsh” conquerors?