Persuasive Review Take out a sheet of paper, and using your notes answer the following questions. 1. What is ETHOS? 2. What is LOGOS? 3. What is PATHOS? 4. List two Attention Getter techniques. 5. List two Call to Action techniques. 6. Write a thesis statement for the following prompt. Should school officials be able to search student’s lockers?

Making writing more memorable and powerful Rhetoric

What is rhetoric? The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. Rhetorical devices are language tools that skillful writers and speakers use to add clarity and interest to their work. Learn their names and how they’re used. Then, make it a point to notice them in your reading (or when listening to a public speaker), and be aware of how using them might make your own speaking and writing more interesting.

What devices to we already know? How do we make words more convincing and memorable in a writing. Think about what works in; Songs Stories Speeches

Techniques What techniques do we already know? Turn to the person next to you and jot down some ideas. There are dozens. Here are just some... Repetition Rhetorical Question AlliterationAnaphora Rhyme

Techniques There are literally dozens of techniques. We will look at the most common ones.

Repetition Happy happy joy joy Happy happy joy joy joy “I fell in to a burning ring of fire I went down,down,down and the flames went higher. And it burns,burns,burns the ring of fire the ring of fire.” (Johnny Cash, “Ring of Fire”)

Repetition Write down a song lyric you know that has repetition.

Rhyme “When I was younger, so much younger than today, I never needed anybody's help in any way. But now these days are gone, I'm not so self assured, Now I find I've changed my mind and opened up the doors.” (The Beatles, “Help”)

Rhyme Phrases or words end with the same sound. NOT necessarily the same letters. When the vowels in the middle of a word make the same sound this is called assonance. Eg. “beats as it sweeps and it cleans.”

Alliteration "You'll never put a better bit of butter on your knife.“ (advertising slogan for Country Life butter) Consonant sounds at the beginning of words are repeated. "The soul selects her own society." (Emily Dickinson) "The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation." (Henry David Thoreau, Walden) "The daily diary of the American dream." (slogan of The Wall Street Journal) Now make two of your own.

Metaphor "The rain came down in long knitting needles." (Enid Bagnold, National Velvet, 1935) Implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. "The streets were a furnace, the sun an executioner." (Cynthia Ozick, "Rosa," 1983 ) "Men's words are bullets, that their enemies take up and make use of against them." (George Savile, Maxims of State, 1692) Now create two of your own.

Simile "Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep." (Carl Sandburg) Two different things are compared Usually in a phrase introduced by like or as. "He looked about as inconspicuous as a tarantula on a slice of angel food." (Raymond Chandler) Now that I've got my lovely fire, I'm as happy as a Frenchman who's just invented a pair of self-removing trousers. (Rowan Atkinson as Black Adder) Now make two of your own.

Anaphora "Brylcreem, a little dab'll do ya, Brylcreem, you'll look so debonair! Brylcreem, the gals'll all pursue ya! They'll love to run their fingers through your hair." (Kenyon & Eckhardt, 1950s advertising jingle for hair cream) Repetition of the same word or phrase at the start of successive clauses or lines.

Anaphora Help, I need somebody, Help, not just anybody, Help, you know I need someone, Help. “There is freedom within, there is freedom without Try to catch the deluge in a paper cup.” (Crowded House, “Don’t Dream It’s Over)

Anaphora Can you think of one of your own or one from a song or a book? (hint: Dr Seuss is lousy with these)

Hyperbole "Ladies and gentlemen, I've been to Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and I can say without hyperbole that this is a million times worse than all of them put together." (Kent Brockman, The Simpsons) Exaggeration is used for emphasis. "I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse.“ “But I would walk 500 miles And I would walk 500 more Just to be the man who walked 1000 miles To fall down at your door” (The Proclaimers – I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)) Now you try some hyperbole yourself.

Quick Quiz Which techniques are used in these lyrics? How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man? Yes, 'n' how many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand? Yes, 'n' how many times must the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind. Bob Dylan, “Blowin’ in the wind”

Allusion “If you take his parking place, you can expect World War II all over again.” Many allusions refer to the Bible or to Shakespeare’s characters or plots. is a reference to some fairly well-known event, place, or person. “It has rained so long, it seems as though it has rained for 40 days and nights.” "Like the prodigal son, he returned to his home town and was welcomed by all who knew him".

Quick Quiz What techniques are being used here? “You’ve done a million things before half past nine.” (The Waifs, “Gillian”)

Onomatopoeia Snap, Crackle, and Pop! Words sound like what they represent. "One of these days, Alice. Pow! Right in the kisser!" (Jackie Gleason, The Honeymooners) Think of two example you know of.

charged words words chosen to evoke emotion. Any word that can evoke a strong or powerful emotional response from the reader/listener (tool used often in media to manipulate opinions). "He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people."

The End

What is rhetoric?

Alliteration

Metaphor

Simile

Anaphora

Hyperbole

Allusion “

Onomatopoeia

charged words