Mi’kmaq 10 Test Review: Culture Unit Test date: Monday, April 30 th, 2012

Format Multiple choice Fill in the blanks OPVL analysis Short answer Long answer

Universals of culture Know what they are (there are 9). Refer to your handout. Be able to come up with examples for each from Mi’kmaq traditional culture. – For example, material culture are the THINGS a culture uses for everyday life. It includes food, tools, housing, clothing, etc. Some examples of material culture for Mi’kmaq culture would be: moccasins, wigwams, etc.

Theory Know the following terms/concept: – Racism – Institutional racism – Assimilation – Inner cultural conflict – Truth vs. perception (remember the marker in the middle of the circle?) – Stereotypes

Historiography Understand the differences between primary and secondary sources (refer to your notes) Be able to analyze a document using the OPVL method (refer to notes and OPVL class activity) – O= origins (who, when where?) – P= purpose (what were the author’s intentions?) – V= what is the value of the source to you as a historian? What does it tell you about culture/events? – L = what are the limitations of this source?

Pre-contact Nations Be able to name the 7 pre-contact Nations Know about warfare or lack thereof in pre- contact Nations. (refer to your research assignment) Know how many language groups there were/are (5)

Contact/ Early Relations Know the Christopher Columbus story: where did he land (Espaniola)? Who was there already (Taino)? What happened? (Refer to 500 Nations notes) DeSoto’s March: Important points (refer to 500 Nation’s notes) Early trade between Mi’kmaq and French. What did they trade? How did this affect supplies? (Refer to notes) Relationships between Mi’kmaq, French, and English. How did the struggle between the French and English affect the Mi’kmaw people? The introduction and affect of alcohol. Differences in understanding of land and land ownership.

Cultural practices Medicine Wheel: – What do the circles represent? (elements, life stages, seasons, and aspects of personality) – How is the wheel used? (to teach interconectedness of life, environment, etc.) – How does it teach balance? (shows us the various aspects of ourselves and how we relate to the people and natural environment – we are not one thing! We are many things connected together ) Mi’kmaq Pottery lesson: – Museum perspectives: archaeological vs. living culture – What happened to the pottery? Why did it stop?

Cultural Practices, cont. Dream Catcher: – What is the story behind the dream catcher? – What does it do? – What do the different parts of the dream catcher represent? Smudging: – What is used in a smudging ceremony? – What is the significance of a smudging ceremony? (why is it done? When is it done?) Elderhood: – How does one become an elder? – Why are the 7 virtues important?

Contemporary Culture Artists: Alan Syliboy and Daniel Paul (painters) Rita Joe (poet: “I lost my talk”) Thomas King (writer: “A Columbus Coyote Story”, “Borders”) Club Native: what are the causes of inner cultural conflict for the women in the film? DRUM!: how is this an example of maintaining cultural identity within a multicultural society? Pocahontas: What are the messages of the film? Uncontacted Ayoreo tribe: what’s happening? Why is it happening?