War on Terrorism War in Iraq United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 War on Terrorism War in Iraq

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 September 11 19 Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial planes 8:50am – American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into Tower One of the World Trade Center 9:04am – United Airlines Flight 175 crashes in to Tower Two of the WTC 9:37am - American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon 10:03am - United Flight 93 crashes into a field in Pennsylvania Flight Interactive - http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/map.html Highjackers Interactive -http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/sept_11_2001/attacks/index.html http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/multimedia.day.html

Terrorist Attack Timeline - http://www. nctc. gov/site/calendar/index

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 September 11, 2001 Number of dead: 2,992 World Trade Center: 2,759 (includes 10 hijackers and 157 passengers and crew members) Pentagon: 125 (includes 5 hijackers and 59 passengers and crew members) Flight 93: 44 (includes 4 hijackers) First responders killed at the World Trade Center: New York Police Department: 23 Fire Department of New York: 343 Port Authority Police: 37 Emergency Medical Service: 3

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 What was the response of the U.S. government following this attack? President’s Comments -http://www.whitehouse.gov/september11/ Coalition Map - http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/coalition.maps/ Homeland Security Act – 2002 – created Department of Homeland Security USA Patriot Act - Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Al Qaeda Network of Islamic Extremists Leader – Osama Bin Laden Angry at: U.S. military occupation of the Middle East U.S. aggression against the Iraqi people U.S. support of Israel "Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, which kills our people.”

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Osama Bin Laden Kicked out of Saudi Arabia Set up Al Qaeda training camps in Sudan Sudan kicked him out because of pressure from US and Saudi Arabia Went to Afghanistan Jihad An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection or A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels Has been twisted and used as a reason for waging wars against many Middle Eastern leaders by terrorists.

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Afghanistan landlocked country -> making the export of goods difficult and expensive rugged mountainous terrain temperatures are extreme, as hot as 120° F in the summer and as cold as -15° F in the winter. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/terroristattack/teachers/index.html

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Afghanistan 1979-1989 Soviet attempted invasion 1989-1996 Civil War – Islamic fighters turned on one another Note – During the Cold War, the U.S. spent $3 billion training and supplying Afghans fighting against the Soviet Union. Afterwards, we withdrew all support and left the country in ruins and chaos. In 1995 - the Taliban came to power, promising traditional, Islamic values came into power, installing an oppressive set of rules, including revoking many women’s rights.

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Taliban Rule strict interpretation Islamic law executions and punishments television, music, and the Internet banned men required to wear beards girls forbidden to go to school women barred from working outside the home women were prohibited from leaving their home without a male relative.

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 The end of the Taliban? By October 7, 2001 - Taliban refused to give up Osama bin Laden. U.S. began bombing Taliban military sites By December 9, 2001 - Taliban was said to be defeated The Taliban has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistan’s poorest people and aligning itself with warlords, al-Qaeda, and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters. http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/03/afghanistan.war.timeline/index.html

http://icasualties.org/oef/

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Statistics 1 in 4 children die before age of 5 Average life expectancy is 44 – 25 years less than Americans Only 6% of population has access to electricity Only 12% of women can read and write 67% of boys attend school, 14% of girls

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Iraq Diverse Ethnic Groups - Arabs – 75 percent Kurds – 20 percent Religious Groups - Shi'ite Muslims - 62 percent Sunnis Muslims - 35 percent Christians world's second-largest oil reserves

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Saddam Hussein Came to power in 1979 Totalitarian Sunni Repressive to the Kurds and Shi’ites Used chemical weapons to subdue Kurdish population Human rights: Iraq had the world's worst record for known persons who have disappeared or remain unaccounted for, more than 16,000 people.

Operation Iraqi Freedom United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Operation Iraqi Freedom Invasion in March 2003 – U.S. led (40 other countries provided operational support) Saddam did not cooperate with U.N. inspectors searching for weapons of mass destruction Saddam was overthrown on April 9, 2003 Iraq army was disbanded – leaving many jobless U.S. led – provisional government put in place

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Success in Iraq???? Dec, 2003 Saddam captured May, 2004 – Bush makes speech declaring war a success “In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed.” Dec, 2004 Iraqi interim government put in place Oct. 2005 – Iraqi vote adopt new constitution

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Insurgency Nationalists Former members of Saddam’s regime Al Qaeda Mission: get rid of U.S. led coalition forces How: convince the enemy's decision-makers their cause is ultimately too costly in blood, money and political capital to pursue Innocents often die in this kind of fighting, but that's what the insurgents want.

Map - Violence http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/baghdad_navigator/

Casualties http://icasualties.org/oif/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/bushswar/ http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/middle_east/iraq/honorroll/map_flash.html

Iraqi Poll on War For each question, answer the following: What information does this question provide Americans about Iraqi people? How have the numbers changed over time?

Review For Quiz

War on Terrorism September 11, 2001 – terrorist attacks on United States blamed on Al Qaeda Al Qaeda terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden Mission: wage holy war on enemies of Arabs and/or Muslims hates United States for involvement in Middle East, Desert Storm (Iraq), Israel was operating out of Afghanistan at the time of 9/11

Afghanistan fought off invasion of the Soviet Union in 1980s Civil War followed amongst group trying to get control of the country Taliban takes control (OPPRESSIVE!!!!!!) Taliban allows Osama bin Laden to operate out of country Refuses to assist or turn him over after 9/11 United States along with other countries remove Taliban from power and attempt to eliminate Al Qaeda activities there

Current Situation in Afghanistan US Casualties 2001=12 2002=48 2003=48 2004=52 2005=99 2006=98 2007=110 Taliban and Al Qaeda have been removed from power, but still present in small pockets in the country. They want the US and International Peacekeepers to leave Afghanistan. Taliban-Al Qaeda alliance carries out suicide bombing and guerrilla-like attacks on our troops.

War in Iraq Saddam Hussein – was leader of Iraq from 1979-2003 Was not cooperating with UN Nuclear weapons inspections US led invasion of Iraq – March 2003 May 1, 2003 – Invasion complete

Current Situation in Iraq 138 Americans died during invasion 3,803 have died to date (Nov, 14) Civil War between Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get control Insurgent attacks target US led forces and Iraqi security forces seen as collaborators.

Why not pull out???? Send message to future enemies of the United States: Americans do not have the will to wage a successful counterinsurgency. Bush administration's plan is to establish a large and competent-enough Iraqi force so that even if the insurgency has historical staying power, Iraqis can fight successful counterinsurgency.

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Religion of Islam World’s second largest religion The Qur’an is the holy guide to Islam. Major aspects of the Islamic religion include testimony of faith, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage. “Covering” is a religious duty. Women can only have their faces and hands showing in public. Men must not expose anything from navel to knee.

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Questions - Islam List and briefly describe Five Pillars of Islam. What are some of the rules that Muslims follow in their daily lives? List and briefly describe the different aspects of the roles of women in Islam:

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Five Pillars of Islam Declaration of Faith – no other gods Prayer – brief prayer 5 times a day Charity – give to poor and needy Fasting – Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca – travel to Saudi Arabia once in lifetime

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Daily Life of Muslims Prohibits things harmful to body (drugs, alcohol). Also, prohibits lying, stealing, cheating, etc. Clergy not above others Encourage sharing of their faith

United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Macellaio 4/22/2017 Women and Islam Marriage: some arranged marriages, man takes financial responsibility Some polygamy - man must treat wives equally Family: important, extended family included Public life: educated, modesty should not affected Modesty – covering – varies from culture to culture Relationship between men and women: no sexual exchanges outside of marriage

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/questions/women/#the_veil