1. GEORGE W. BUSH

2. ELECTION OF 2000 Democrat – Al Gore Republican – George W. Bush

3. ELECTION OF 2000 Decided by 537 votes in Florida Closest presidential election in U.S. history

4. ELECTION OF 2000 Both needed Florida’s 25 electoral votes to win

6. ELECTION OF 2000 Close results in Florida State law required a recount Bush won by 537 votes

7. BUSH V. GORE Gore took the case to the Supreme Court Ruled in favor FL certified results in time for the electoral college vote in mid- December

8. SEPT. 11, 2001 Terrorist attacks in New York City, Washington D.C., Pennsylvania Terrorism – the use of violence by nongovernmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal

9. REASONS FOR MUSLIM TERRORISM U.S. investments in Middle East oil Western influences on Muslim religious values U.S. support of Israel

10. AL-QAEDA Muslim organization created by Osama bin Laden

11. WAR ON TERROR Response to terrorist attacks Created Department of Homeland Security

12. PATRIOT ACT Increased authority of US law enforcement agencies

13. AFGHANISTAN Oct. 7, 2001 – U.S. began bombing Attacked al- Qaeda camps and the Taliban (supporters of bin Laden)

14. IRAQ WAR March 20, 2003 – U.S. coalition forces (led by the U.S.) Invasion of Iraq, seized control by May 1

15. U.S. – IRAQ WAR Based on intelligence that Hussein had weapons of mass destruction Used chemical weapons against the Kurds in Iraq

16. COLIN POWELL Testified before the UN that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction

17. WAR IN IRAQ Iraq had an unstable government Terrorist insurgents and attacks

18. WAR IN IRAQ 2007 – troop surge approved Today – removal of troops as Iraq becomes more stable as a democracy

19. 2008 ELECTION Republican – John McCain Democrat – Barack Obama First African American president