Ex 3.2 Oct. 1, 2012 – Day 14 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

C OURSE MANAGEMENT We need to spend our $150 from the Provost’s Undergraduate Activities Fund. 10/01/12 2 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

EX. 3.2, p. 118 Put 1-10 on board. Answering the question requires understanding the type of clausal complement that each verb takes. A review table is presented on the next page. 10/01/12 3 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

SUMMARY OF COMPLEMENT CLAUSE TYPES VerbComplement clauseC Case assigned by C know, believe declarative CP (#43)that/thatnominative know, wonder interrogative CP (#43)if, whethernominative arrange control CP (#53, 61) for, ø accusative, null (p. 105) want, prefer for -deletion CP (#56), for/for, ø accusative, null (?) believe ECM or defective TP (#75) [none][not applicable] 10/01/12 4 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

EXAMPLES OF COMPLEMENT CLAUSE TYPES VerbExample know, believe I know (that) she is happy. know, wonder I don’t know {whether/if} she is happy. I wonder {whether/if} she is happy arrange I arranged *(for) her to be happy. I arranged to be happy. want, prefer I preferred (for) her to be happy. I preferred to be happy. believe I believed (*for) her to be happy. 10/01/12 5 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

COORDINATION OF THE EMBEDDED CLAUSE WITHOUT AND WITH A COMPLEMENTIZER VerbExample know, believe I know she is rich and that she is happy. know, wonder *I wonder she is rich and if she is happy. arrange *I arranged her to be rich and for her to be happy. want, prefer I preferred her to be rich and for her to be happy. believe *I believed her to be rich and for her to be happy. 10/01/12 6 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

FOCUS OF THE EMBEDDED CLAUSE IN PSEUDO-CLEFT VerbExample know, believe What I know is that she is happy. know, wonder What I wonder is whether she is happy. arrange What I will arrange is for her to be happy. want, prefer What I prefer is for her to be happy. believe *What I believe is for her to be happy. 10/01/12 7 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

R EVIEW OF THE PASSIVE VOICE Active voice I kissed him. The verb assigns accusative case to the direct object. Passive voice He was kissed (by me). Hypothesis: The verb/past participle can no longer assign accusative case to the direct object, so it must move to subject position to get nominative, and the original subject disappears or appears with by. 10/01/12 8 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

PASSIVIZATION OF THE EMBEDDED SUBJECT VerbPassivization of the complement subject know, believe *She is known (that) is happy. know, wonder *She is wondered {whether/if} is happy. arrange *She is arranged for to be happy. want, prefer ??She is preferred (for) to be happy. believe She is believed to be happy. 10/01/12 9 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

CONCLUSION VerbCase assignment know, believe I know [ CP (that) she is happy] know, wonder I wonder [ CP {whether/if} she is happy] arrange I arranged [ CP for her to be happy] I arranged [ CP ø PRO to be happy] want, prefer I preferred [ CP (for) her to be happy] I preferred [ CP ø PRO to be happy] believe I believed [ TP her to be happy] 10/01/12 10 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

G RAMMATICALITY OF INFINITIVAL CLAUSES, E X 3.22, 1-5 1a. They were planning [to escape] 1b. *They were planning [him to escape] 2a. We consider [him to be unsuitable] 2b. *It is considered [him to be unsuitable] 3a. He would like [me to leave] 3b. He would like [to leave] 4a. She seems keen [for them to participate] 4b. *She seems keen [for to participate] 5a. I received a request [to resign] 5b. *I received a request [him to resign] 10/01/12 11 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

G RAMMATICALITY OF INFINITIVAL CLAUSES, a. It was agreed [to review the policy] 6b. *It was agreed [us to review the policy] 7a. Congress decided [to ratify the treaty] 7b. Congress decided [for him to ratify the treaty] 8a. She expected [to win the nomination] 8b. She expected [him/*he to win the nomination] 9a. He should let [you have a break] 9b. *He should let [have a break] 10a. *He said [her to like oysters] 10b. *He said [to like oysters] 10/01/12 12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

NEXT TIME Head movement §4.2 – /01/12 13 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane