1. PASSIVE VOICE
(PRESENT SIMPLE)

2. the model
the photographer
photographs
The photographer
photographs
the model

3. (the subject performs an action)
the model.
The photographer
photographs
subject
Verb
Direct object
ACTIVE VOICE
(the subject performs an action)

4. (the subject suffers the action)
VERB
DIRECT OBJECT
The photographer
photographs
the model.
The model
is photographed
by the photographer.
subject
Verb
passive agent
PASSIVE VOICE
(the subject suffers the action)

5. PASSIVE VOICE RULES The object becomes the subject
The subject becomes the passive agent
Auxiliary verb “to be” (am, is, are) + main verb in the past participle

6. ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Who performs the action of kissing?
The girl kisses the boy.
ACTIVE VOICE
(the subject performs an action)
Who “suffers” the action?
The boy is kissed by the girl.
PASSIVE VOICE
(the subject suffers the action)

7. PASSIVE VOICE RULES + + (negative) (The same except for the verb)
Auxiliary verb “to be”
(am, is, are) +
not
(or -n’t) +
main verb
in the past participle
Example: The model isn’t photographed by the photographer.

8. PASSIVE VOICE RULES (interrogative)
Auxiliary verb “to be” (am, is, are) before the suject
Examples: Is the model photographed by the photographer?
How often is a model photographed by the photographer?

9. SPECIAL CASES
A) We don’t use the passive agent when the subject of the active sentence is :
people, one, someone, somebody, they
B) When the subject of the active sentence is a subject pronoun you must change it to an equivalent object pronoun as the passive agent. I
You He
She It We
They me
you
him
her
its us
them

10. IT’S YOUR TURN NOW
1. Sandra wears fine clothes.
2. I read fashion magazines.
3. People buy a lot of clothes here.
4. Lucy doesn’t wear skirts.
5. They hire young models here.