WORKS CITED/WORKS CONSULTED INTRODUCTION TO WORKS CITED/WORKS CONSULTED Miss Mackowski Library Media Specialist Norwalk High School

WHAT IS WORKS CITED/WORKS CONSULTED? It is a list of all print and non-print sources used or consulted in writing. Each source listed is called a CITATION.

WHY IS WORKS CITED/WORKS CONSULTED NECESSARY? It is required because it gives proper credit to the authors of the information.

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? Works Cited vs. Works Consulted

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WORKS CITED/WORKS CONSULTED? WORKS CITED: A list of sources that that you actually used in your work. WORKS CONSULTED: A list of sources that you actually used and also consulted in preparing your work.

WHO CREATED CITATION METHOD? MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION - (MLA) Developed a universal way for scholars to research and write.

MLA Update 2009 2009 changes in MLA: No more Underlining (only use italics) Publication Medium must be identified (e.g. Print, Web, etc.) New Abbreviations (e.g. “N.p.” for “no publisher given”) No more website addresses In Summer 2008, the Modern Language Association released its third edition of the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, which publicly unveiled modifications to MLA Style for the upcoming year. These changes go into effect April 2009 with the release of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th edition). General paper formatting (margins, headings, etc.) and in-text citations will remain the same, but all Works Cited style entries will be different from the 6th edition guidelines. The Purdue OWL will begin listing these changes in all our MLA resources in April 2009. Here are some of the more noteworthy changes: ･No More Underlining! Underlining is no more. MLA now recommends italicizing titles of independently published works (books, periodicals, films, etc). ･No More URLs! While website entries will still include authors, article names, and website names, when available, MLA no longer requires URLs. Writers are, however, encouraged to provide a URL if the citation information does not lead readers to easily find the source. ･Publication Medium. Every entry receives a medium of publication marker. Most entries will be listed as Print or Web, but other possibilities include Performance, DVD, or TV. Most of these markers will appear at the end of entries; however, markers for Web sources are followed by the date of access. ･New Abbreviations. Many web source entries now require a publisher name, a date of publication, and/or page numbers. When no publisher name appears on the website, write N.p. for no publisher given. When sites omit a date of publication, write n.d. for no date. For online journals that appear only online (no print version) or on databases that do not provide pagination, write n. pag. for no pagination. 7

WHERE DO I START? *Ask your teacher for specific requirements on style *Get a Works Cited/Works Consulted Guide or website- *Start your writing/research and cite your sources at the same time. WARNING: DO NOT WAIT UNTIL YOU ARE DONE WITH YOUR WRITING TO BEGIN CITING YOUR SOURCES!

-Indent every line by 5 spaces after 1st line of citation. HOW DO I USE THE GUIDE? -Turn to PRINT or NON-PRINT section of guide; -Find type of source (i.e. BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR) and read the citation code below it; -Follow code and extract information from your source to match code. (Be sure to include all spaces, indents, and punctuations as shown in code because they include the rules from MLA). -Indent every line by 5 spaces after 1st line of citation. -Double-space citations as you write them down.

LET’S DO AN EXAMPLE!

PRINT or NON-PRINT?

PRINT SOURCE

Book with a single author WHAT’S THE CODE? Book with a single author Author's last name, first name. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication. Medium.

WRITE DOWN CITATION Fritz, Jean. Brady. New York: Scholastic, 1960. Print.

LET’S DO ANOTHER EXAMPLE!

INTERVIEW TIME! Situation: You conducted an interview with M. Nawford to learn about technology in the library on May 6, 2009. Interview Person’s last name, first name. Name of interview. Day month year of interview.

WRITE DOWN NEXT CITATION Fritz, Jean. Brady. New York: Scholastic, 1960. Print. Nawford, M. Library Technology Interview. 6 May 2009.

ONE MORE EXAMPLE!

WEBSITE NEWS WEB PUBLICATION Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article.” Website. Publisher, Date of publication. Medium. Day Month Year the website was accessed.

WRITE DOWN NEXT CITATION Fritz, Jean. Brady. New York: Scholastic, 1960. Print. Nawford, M. Library Technology Interview. 6 May 2009. Mehta, Diane. “Best Affordable Fall Adventures.” CNN.com/travel. CNN, 21 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2009.

I’M DONE WITH MY CITATIONS – WHAT’S NEXT? Re-organize all citations so that they are in alphabetical order. If you do not have an author’s name, start with next part of citation. Exclude using words A, AN, THE.

WRITE DOWN NEXT CITATION Fritz, Jean. Brady. New York: Scholastic, 1960. Print. 1 Nawford, M. Library Technology Interview. 6 May 2009. 3 Mehta, Diane. “Best Affordable Fall Adventures.” CNN.com/travel. CNN, 21 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2009. 2 22

MY LIST IS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER – WHAT’S NEXT? Last thing: setting up your document!

STEPS TO SET UP YOUR WORKS CITED/WORKS CONSULTED PAGE Paginate after last page in essay/paper. Type Works Cited or Works Consulted and center at top of paper. Type all citations in alphabetical order. Make sure to indent the 2nd line, 3rd line, and all subsequent lines of each citation. Double-space all entries.

YOU’RE DONE! Works Cited Mackowski 4 Fritz, Jean. Brady. New York: Scholastic, 1960. Print. Mehta, Diane. “Best Affordable Fall Adventures.” CNN.com/travel. CNN, 21 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2009. Nawford, M. Library Technology Interview. 6 May 2009.