Literature of Ancient China Literature of Japan
China is the 3 rd largest country with the largest population in the world. China is the world’s oldest continuing civilizations.
China’s ancient history is recorded through dynasties (a series of rulers from a single family). The actions/events that occurred during the certain dynasties influenced Chinese writers and their cultures. China’s society had a very strict class structure. The four main social classes were ranked in order of its contribution to society. Emperor RulersPeasants Artisans Merchants Servants/Slaves
3 main systems of thought took hold in China: 1. Confucianism- Focused on the importance of family relationships and order in society. Teachings emphasized virtue in interactions between people and valued learning. 2. Taoism- Based on following Tao, the universal force underlying all of life. They sought humility, simplicity, and harmony with nature. 3. Buddhism- Emphasized detachment from earthly life in order to attain spiritual enlightenment. These teachings existed together, and in general there was tolerance and a blending of beliefs and practices.
the Analects of Confucius Key Confucianism Concepts: Humanity Gentleman Ritual (Maxims) Mulberry on the Lowland from the Book of Odes
3 major themes of the Japanese literature are simplicity, discipline, and nature. The same three major themes reflect the foundations of modern Japanese culture.
Japan’s history is marked by different political periods. Each period ends with political unrest and upheaval. Japan finally sealed its borders as a reaction to the rapid spread of Christianity throughout the country. Japanese leaders feared the newly converted Christians would start another civil war. As a result of Japan’s self-imposed isolationism, their own distinctive style in writing forms emerged.
During the Tokugawa period, Japanese became rigidly ordered. It was nearly impossible for Japanese to improve their social status since a person’s position was determined by birth. Japan’s social classes were: Rulers Samurai Peasants Artisans Merchants
Haiku poetry Ancient Japanese Haiku Poetry always presents imagery focusing on nature. Imagery = specific words or phrases that provide a vivid sensory experience for the reader. Haiku format First line = 5 syllables Second line = 7 syllables Third line = 5 syllables
Why should the literature forms of the Chinese and Japanese matter to us?