Environment integration in EC development co-operation Approaches for the programming phase Jean-Paul Ledant (HDE) Help Desk Environment

The Help Desk Environment  A team of 3 consultants (contract EC-Agreco/MDF): J. Palerm, J. Palerm, P. Brinn, P. Brinn, J.P. Ledant. J.P. Ledant.  Role: providing methodological support (and training) to EC staff and partners for environmental mainstreaming in development co-operation.  Geographical area: Africa, Indian ocean Africa, Indian ocean Asia, Pacific Asia, Pacific Latin America, Caribbean Latin America, Caribbean (not ENP countries!) (not ENP countries!)

The overall objective: Sustainable Development, through  Increased human well- being (poverty alleviation)  Development decoupled from environmental pressures  Net accumulation of capital including natural capital. HDI HDI/CO 2 HDI/footprint Adjusted Net Saving ObjectivesIndicators

The overall approach  Environment integration is not a goal, but a means.  The links between a development action and the environment are reciprocal:  Relevant decisions and actions are more important than visibility and the use of environmental tools.  The HDE proposes systematic environmental integration in the operation cycle. Project Env. Impacts

The main tools for environmental integration  Three “environmental” tools Country Environmental Profile (CEP). Country Environmental Profile (CEP). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).  Other important tools Problem Analysis and Logical Framework Problem Analysis and Logical Framework Indicators Indicators Evaluation criteria. Evaluation criteria.

The Cycle of Operations Programming 1. Identification 2. Formulation 4. Evaluation 3. Implementation

There are three approaches for the steps after programming Programming Macro- Economic Approach GBS Sector Wide Approach SPSP Project approach So the environment should be integrated in four “compartments”

Position of the 3 environmental tools in the 4 compartments Programming GBS SWAP Projects SEA CEP EIA SEA

Programming (at country level)  Key Programming Paper: CSP-NIP.  Key Environmental Tool: CEP (Country Environmental Profile).  Process: 1. Prepare the CEP 2. Prepare the CSP

Programming Documents  Country Strategy Paper (CSP) Analysis: Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Analysis: Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Policy agenda Policy agenda Past and on-going co-operation Past and on-going co-operation Response strategy Response strategy Annexes Annexes  National Indicative Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actions Priorities and actions Alignment and harmonisation Alignment and harmonisation Annexes Annexes

Country Environmental Profile Aims to identify and assess environmental issues for consideration during the preparation of a CSP: Aims to identify and assess environmental issues for consideration during the preparation of a CSP: Identifies the main environmental challenges, Establishes the key linkages between the environment and the economic/social situation, Revises national policies and institutions, as well as co-operation, Contributes to focusing dialogue with the country on areas of concern including sustainable development, Provides baseline information and key recommendations for the CSP-NIP But not a technical thesis…

CEP Overall Structure 1. Summary 2. State of the environment 3. Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework 4. EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective 5. Conclusions and recommendations Appendices Appendices

The CEP and CSP-NIP (1)  Country Strategy Paper (CSP) Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Policy agenda Policy agenda Past on-going co-operation Past on-going co-operation Response strategy Response strategy Annexes (incl. summary CEP) Annexes (incl. summary CEP)  National Indicative Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actions Priorities and actions Alignment and harmonisation Alignment and harmonisation Annexes Annexes CEP CEP Summary Summary State of the environment State of the environment Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective Conclusions and recommendations Conclusions and recommendations Annexes Annexes

 Country Strategy Paper (CSP) Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Policy agenda Policy agenda Past on-going co-operation Past on-going co-operation Response strategy Response strategy Annexes (incl. summary CEP) Annexes (incl. summary CEP)  National Indicative Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actions Priorities and actions Alignment and harmonisation Alignment and harmonisation Annexes Annexes CEP CEP Summary Summary State of the environment State of the environment Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective Conclusions and recommendations Conclusions and recommendations Appendices Appendices The CEP and CSP-NIP (2)

 Country Strategy Paper (CSP) Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Policy agenda Policy agenda Past on-going co-operation Past on-going co-operation Response strategy Response strategy Annexes (incl. summary CEP) Annexes (incl. summary CEP)  National Indicative Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actions Priorities and actions Alignment and harmonisation Alignment and harmonisation Annexes Annexes CEP CEP Summary Summary State of the environment State of the environment Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspective Conclusions and recommendations Conclusions and recommendations Annexes Annexes The CEP and CSP-NIP (3)

Environmental integration in the CSP-NIP CEP NIPCSP Which “environmental integration outcomes”? Country analysis EC policy Partner’s policy

Potential outcomes (from environmental integration)  Selection of focal areas  Selection of objectives addressing key issues for sustainable development (including environmental issues identified by the CEP)  Selection of strategies and actions minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing positive impacts Planning an SEA for the supported sector policies/programmesPlanning an SEA for the supported sector policies/programmes Using additional opportunities for environmental integrationUsing additional opportunities for environmental integration  Selection of relevant indicators.

Links between those outcomes and the CEP  Ideally the CEP should make recommendations towards those potential outcomes.  But the CEP should also be done at an early stage, where key decisions are not taken. Additional aspects, not foreseen in the CEP may include: Using opportunities provided by the selected sector and strategy; Using opportunities provided by the selected sector and strategy; Adapting the indicators. Adapting the indicators.

In the new consensus on development co-operation, there are 10 focal areas  Governance, democracy, human rights and support to economic or institutional reforms  Trade and regional integration  Infrastructure, communication and transport  Water and energy  Social cohesion and employment  Human development  Infrastructure and transport  Rural development, territorial planning, agriculture, food security  Environment and sustainable management of natural resources  Conflict prevention and state fragility

Examples of opportunities for co-operation areas  Governance and economic or institutional reforms: Environmental Fiscal Reforms. Environmental Fiscal Reforms. Capacities and institutions for natural resource management. Capacities and institutions for natural resource management.  Trade and regional integration: Control of illegal trade of timber (FLEGT) and threatened species. Control of illegal trade of timber (FLEGT) and threatened species.  Human development: Health: living conditions, (equitable) use of biodiversity resources. Health: living conditions, (equitable) use of biodiversity resources. Education: Environmental education. Education: Environmental education.  Infrastructure and transport Assessing the overall policy (through an SEA) before deciding to build roads. Assessing the overall policy (through an SEA) before deciding to build roads.  Rural development, food security: Protecting “ecosystem services”. Protecting “ecosystem services”. …………

Environmental integration outcomes Example 1 Promotion of agriculture and fisheries Promotion of agriculture and fisheries Assessing impact of agriculture on the environment Assessing impact of agriculture on the environment Use of water: efficient irrigation schemes Use of water: efficient irrigation schemes Sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources Sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources

Environmental integration outcomes Example 2  Focal sector: education Promoting environmental educationPromoting environmental education  Focal sector: trade and investment Ecolabelling and certification processesEcolabelling and certification processes Improvement of environmental standardsImprovement of environmental standards Energy efficiency and renewable technologiesEnergy efficiency and renewable technologies  Focal sector: law enforcement and justice Actions to fight illegal loggingActions to fight illegal logging

The indicators  Indicators are variables used to monitor the achievement of an objective (expected result).  They depend thus on the objectives.  There should not be too many indicators.  For those reasons, adding “environmental indicators” is not always recommended.  But we should avoid indicators having both a positive (desirable) side and a negative (undesirable) side.

The indicators or Avoid ambiguous variables: selected because positively linked with desired (socio-economic) aspects but also linked to undesirable (environmental) aspects Prefer: Ex: imported agricultural inputs Ex: less starving children Ex: higher yields/unit of fertilizer

Programming at regional level  The same approach, but : RSP (replaces CSP) RSP (replaces CSP) RIP (replaces NIP) RIP (replaces NIP) REP (replaces CEP) REP (replaces CEP)

The current practice  CEPs are now systematically prepared (very few in the previous generation of CSP or ).  CSPs have now a section on the environment (part of the country analysis).  Effective environmental integration and contribution to sustainable development since to be enhanced.