Observational Learning. Learning by Observation Learning occurs not only through conditioning but also from our observation of others. “We are, in truth,

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Presentation transcript:

Observational Learning

Learning by Observation Learning occurs not only through conditioning but also from our observation of others. “We are, in truth, more than half what we are by imitation” Lord Chesterfield

Observational Learning: Definition Observe and imitate others Modeling- Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior We learn all kinds of social behaviors by observing and imitating others

Mirror Neurons Mirror neurons provide a neural basis for observational learning Example: when a baby imitates a face an adult is making, mirror neurons are firing

Bandura’s Experiment Albert Bandura Pioneer of research in observational learning BoBo Doll Experiment – Reinforcement and punishment leads to imitating a behavior

Social Influence on Observational Learning Columbine High School- “copycat threats” Prosocial- models can have positive effects – Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. Television: – More hours children spend watching violent TV or playing violet video games, more at risk for aggression and crime as teens and adults – Homicides doubled between 1957 and 1974, coinciding with the introduction of television

Aversive Conditioning In aversive conditioning, client is exposed to an unpleasant stimulus while engaging in the targeted behavior Goal- create an aversion to it. In adults, aversive conditioning is often used to combat addictions such as smoking or alcoholism. Examples-Nausea-producing drug while the client is smoking or drinking so that unpleasant associations are paired with the addictive behavior. Also used to treat nail biting, sex addiction, and other strong habits or addictions.