Commercial Load Estimating 1 Richard Gaido, P.E.

Types of Loads 1. Big Box Stores 2. Grocery Stores 3. Restaurants 4. Schools 5. Office Buildings 6.Residential High Rises 7. Hotels 8. Data Centers 9. Large Industrial 10. Hospitals/Clinics 11. Assisted Living/ Nursing Homes 2

Methodology of Diversification 1.Historic Load 2.Square Footage 3.NEC Load Analysis 3

Historic Load Know Your Customer Check historical loads of similar projects. Compare like for like projects. i.Newer Wal-Marts/Targets, within the last 8-10 years, have a grocery component (refrigeration). ii.Verify if the footprint of the buildings are similar. Inquire if there is something special about this project’s service that maybe different from a “normal” load usually seen. i.Office Building - Data Center or Call Center proposed? ii.Grocery Store – Is there an increased amount of refrigeration planned? iii.Manufacturing – Is the process automated? 4

Historic Load Know Your Customer continued Ask the customer for an address for a similar service built and operational within the last months to have a comparison. Characteristics of loads to consider when sizing your services can be dependent on a couple of deciding factors for instance: i.Schools- High demand for 8 hours out of the day then drop significantly, allowing the transformers time to cool. ii.Hospitals- Consistently high demand throughout the day, thus leaving little time for the transformers to cool. iii.Industrial – Are they running normal 8 hour days or 24/7? iv.Industrial Testing Facilities – What is the largest load that they will be testing? How long? How often? 5

Square Footage 1. Big Box Stores sample size of 103,000SF-133,000SF ▪Average SF: 115,758SF ▪Average kVA: 677kVA ▪Average VA/SF: 4.9 VA/SF 2. Hotels sample size of 13,00,000SF-46,000SF ▪Average SF: 26,469SF ▪Average kVA: 263kVA ▪Average VA/SF: 5.7 VA/SF 3. Schools sample size of 165,000SF-280,000SF ▪Average SF: 248,817SF ▪Average kVA: 2145kVA ▪Average VA/SF: 6.4 VA/SF 4. Data Centers sample size of 21,000SF-47,000SF ▪Average SF: 54,942SF ▪Average kVA: 1446kVA ▪Average VA/SF: 22.3 VA/SF 6

NEC Load Analysis 1.Grocery Stores Diversification Percentages Air Conditioning 60%-70% Refrigeration 75%-80% Lighting 45%-65% Receptacles 40%-60% Water Heaters 20%-40% Hand Dryers 5%-10% Miscellaneous Motors 10%-30% 2.Restaurants Diversification Percentages Air Conditioning 60%-70% Refrigeration 40%-60% Lighting 40%- 50% Receptacles 20%-50% Water Heaters 30%-50% Hand Dryers 5%-10% 3.Residential/Office High Rises Diversification Percentages Air Conditioning 60%-70% Lighting 40%-70% Receptacles 30%-80% Water Heaters 20%-35% Elevators 5%-10% Garage Lighting/Elevators 10%-30% 4.Assisted Living Facilities Diversification Percentages Air Conditioning 60%-70% Lighting 30%-50% Receptacles 20%-50% Water Heaters 20%-30% Elevators 5%-10% *Percentages used by line item on NEC Load Analysis provided by customer. 7

Q&A 8