Seite Hier steht ein thematisches Foto Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Directive in Austria Robert Fenz Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Seite 2 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus AUSTRIA – Background IRB DANUBE IRB ELBE IRB RHINE

Seite 3 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus UWWT situation in Austria Catchment area: – Danube (~96%), Rhein (~ 3%), Elbe (< 1%) – Black Sea (96 %), North Sea (4 %) 8 million inhabitants 86% connected to sewer systems (state 2001) waste water treatment design capacity (ODC): 20 million p.e. (population equivalents) 14.7 million p.e. actually treated

Seite 4 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Legal basis of Austrian water management EU Legislation - UWWT Directive 91/271 National legislation: Water Act General waste water ordinance UWWT emission ordinance Sector specific emission ordinances

Seite 5 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Administrative organization and responsibilities Federal Government legal responsibility Urban waste water emission ordinance 9 Länder (Provinces) and 2359 municipalities responsibility of implementation, monitoring and surveillance permits Ordinances (sludge disposal)

Seite 6 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus UWWT situation in Austria 20,084,000 p.e. design capacity (ODC); 14,674,853 p.e. actually treated in 2002

Seite 7 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Level of treatment Requirements for waste water treatment based on combined approach set out in Art. 10 WFD strong emphasis on emission controls based on best available techniques Requirements for industrial effluents several specific ordinances, permits combination of internal and end of pipe measures Requirements for urban waste water secondary treatment with nitrification is in general the basic requirement

Seite 8 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus UWWTP Size classes and emission limit values (mg/l) Article 5 (8) UWWTD

Seite 9 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Level of treatment Nitrification Reduction of oxygen demand Danger of ammonia toxicity reduced Reduction of pathogens (~10 3 ) Removal of dangerous substances P-removal important for lakes, partly small rivers to prevent / reduce eutrophication N- and P- removal important for Black Sea / North Sea Cost-benefit ratio is considered to be good

Seite 10 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Eutrophication Surface waters in Austria are generally P-limited Criteria for risk assessment of rivers (under revision): 0,07 mg/l P tot filtrated for salmonid waters 0,15 mg/l P tot filtrated for cyprinid waters Rivers: 13 % at risk in respect to biological or trophic statusdue to Article 5 WFD analysis Lakes > 0.5 km 2 are in good ecological status Article 5(8) of UWWTD since 2003 (P) Black Sea and North Sea are N- and/or P-limited

Seite 11 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Biological Water Quality

Seite 12 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Eutrophication

Seite 13 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Activated sludge system Also Sequencing Batch Reactors for smaller WWTPs

Seite 14 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Vienna WWTP Different flow schemes for nutrient removal (from simple to sophisticated depending on local situation)

Seite 15 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Vienna WWTP 4 million p.e.

Seite 16 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Dimensioning Austrian and German guidelines are used for dimensioning Dimensioning of Single-Stage Activated Sludge Plants. German Water Association (DWA) A-131, 2000 Standardisation and Derivation of Dimensioning Values for Wastewater Facilities. German Water Association (DWA) A-198, 2002 Construction and Testing of Drains and Sewers. DWA A-139, 2002 on the basis of DIN EN 1610 Advisory Leaflets (ÖWAV, DWA) Austrian standards (ON) for small WWTPs

Seite 17 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Investment costs Investments for sewer systems and WWTPs :~ 33,000 billion € up to 2015: ~ 6,000 billion € average yearly investments in Austria: 100 €/inhabitant ~ 0.5 % of the Gross Domestic Product investments costs per connected inhabitant: ~ 6,000 € yearly costs per connected inhabitant: ~ € average fee: 1-3 €/m 3

Seite 18 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Subsidy system for implementation State loan system ( ) long-term soft loans granted to municipalities by federal water fund (1-3 % interest rate; years) Subsidized loan-repayment system (since 1993) loans on the free capital market subsidy conditions set by the ministry, private credit institute handles the subsidy-projects subsidy rate between 8 (20) and 50 %.

Seite 19 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Monitoring methods and frequencies Sampling method: predominantly time-based samples (24 hours) but also flow proportional Allowed failures: – according to the number of samples (Annex I, table 3) – no value more than 100% > limit value Frequencies (surveillance): 1, 6, 12, 12 and more (according to size classes)

Seite 20 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Self-monitoring frequencies

Seite 21 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Monitoring performance Self-monitoring: Municipality/water associations (At the plant and/or in laboratories) Surveillance-monitoring: Länder (Provinces), local water surveillance (by public or certificated private laboratories)

Seite 22 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Reporting system until 2000 Data flow from: uwwt plants, industries, population To: regional authorities, provinces, ministry or statistical office For: national and internat. Statistics national and international reports Statistical office: every 10 years Ministry: a) every 3 years b) according to EU reporting obligations, ad hoc specific requests

Seite 23 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus New Austrian reporting system Ministry Other national bodies National UWWT-DB Regional authorities UWWTP Industries Other int. Rep. (EEA,...) UWWTD WFD Other Directives Other Reporting reports/electronic data exchange electronic data exchange

Seite 24 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Data management Information about: Individual plants Loads and emission concentrations (Permits) Industrial point sources Spatial information (GIS) Historical data Connection degree (often missing) Evaluation carried out by FEA/Ministry/Provinces Evaluation tool integrated in data base

Seite 25 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Rural areas – small treatment plants / individual systems ~1 million people (14 % of population) not connected to sewer systems, out of these: 65 % cess pits (number of pits is decreasing) 35 % small treatment plants conventional biological treatment plants constructed wetlands septic tanks “Alternatives”: waste water disposal on farm land? infiltration of treated waste water? Further public funding required for socially acceptable costs

Seite 26 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Constructed wetlands Extensive Wastewater Treatment Processes 500 – 5,000 p.e. Guide, Commission, 2001

Seite 27 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Rural areas – small treatment plants / individual systems Small WWTPs became much cheaper in the last years Constructed wetlands: usually vertical filter with intermittent feed (nitrification) Discussions on infiltration of treated waste water: hygienic problems (risk based assessment – further research required) oxygen conservative compounds

Seite 28 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus Thank you for your attention