ROME Tomlin 1

ROME 1000 – 500 B.C. 3 groups inhabited the region. 1) Latins – Farmers and shepards, settled on Palatine Hill 2) 50 colonies in S. Italy and Sicily 3) Etruscans in N. Italy, skilled metalworkers and engineers. Etruscan alphabet and the arch. Archaic Etruscan alphabet (7th-5th centuries BC)                                                                                                                                                                                          2

ROME Roman religious ideas were borrowed from Greece,. Roman gods took on the personalities of Greek Gods. Zeus = Jupiter Hera = Juno 3

ROME Romans establish a republic after overthrowing the Etruscan King. Republic is made up of 2 groups: Patricians – aristocratic landowners. Plebeians – common farmer, artisans. 451 B.C. – Group of 10 officials began to write down roman laws onto the 12 tablets. States that all free citizens should be protected by the law 4

ROME Republic – form of government in which power rest with the people. Republic governed by 2 consuls. Each commanded the army and directed the government. Each could veto and only serve for one year. Could serve second term 10 years later and could veto other consul. Senate – Aristocratic Branch of government was made up of 300 members in for life. Advised on foreign and financial policies 5

ROME Centuriate Assembly – all citizen soldiers, helped made laws. Tribal Assembly – elected tribunes and made laws for common people. Dictator could serve for only 6 months in time of crisis. 6

ROME Army – all men who owned land had to serve. Legions – 5,000 Century – could act independently and was self sufficient. Rome conquers all of Italy and begins empire building. Rome establishes a rich trade network but is challenged by Carthage (Hannibal). 7

PUNIC WARS Punic Wars – 264 – 146 B.C. consisted of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage 1st War – Control of Sicily and Western Med. - lasted 23 years - Rome defeats Carthage 8

PUNIC WARS 2ND War – Hannibal wants to avenge the loss by Carthage. - Carthage comes in back door through Spain over the Alps. Hannibal – rape and pillage – lived off the land for 10 years. Scipio defeats Hannibal by attacking Carthage 9

PUNIC WARS Romans seek revenge for 2nd war (rape and pillage). Attack Carthage and burn the city to the ground. Those not killed sold into slavery. Results – Rome controls from Anatolia to Spain and all Med. 10

ROME SECTION 2 Latifundia – large estates taken by lands conquered. - large amounts of slaves worked the land (1/3 of population) - poor made up ¼ of pop - Tribunes decide to stand up for poor and limit size of estates for economy. Civil War – breaks out between rich and poor. Generals promise the poor a better way of life. 11

ROME Triumvirate – group of 3 rulers at the same time. - Caesar, Crassus, Pompey - Caesar becomes dictator for life in 44 B.C. 12

ROME Absolute Ruler – total control and power. 1) Granted citizenship 2) created jobs 3) started colonies 4) increased pay for the soldiers - became popular with the people Caesar was killed by Senate in 44 B.C. 13

FALL OF ROME 3 reasons to the Fall of Rome………………………. 1) Economic – during the Pax Romana everything was good – trade, money value and food. All gradually went on the decline. - trade becomes disrupted at sea. Army sent to resolve conflict. Army uses more money and resources of Rome - To cover cost, taxes where raised which leads to inflation. Poor had to sell out farmland. - Due to lack of resources the farmland becomes overworked and less is produced. - Food shortage – disease – population decline 14

FALL OF ROME 2) Military – Barbarians threaten. Non – Roman tribes such as the Germanic Tribes from the north and Persians from Syria and Anatolia. - Troops are no longer loyal to Rome, but to military leaders. These military leaders struggle within for interest of self or interest of Rome. 15

FALL OF ROME 3) Politics – General population lost interest in politics and had become corrupt. Men fought issues within self of for Rome or for SELF. Diocletian becomes dictator in A.D. 284 16

FALL OF ROME Diocletian – became absolute ruler of Rome. - Made army bigger by drafting P.O.W. and hiring German Mercenaries - Set fixed prices on goods to control inflation - locked workers / farmers into their jobs for life. - proclaimed he was a descendant of a Roman god. - saw Christians as a threat and persecuted them. Roman Empire is Split into 2 parts: 1) Eastern – Greek Speaking – Richer Empire 2) Western – Latin Speaking – General Maximian 17

FALL OF ROME Diocletian steps down in A.D. 305 for health issues. Civil War breaks out and Constantine comes to power. Constantine moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium and renames it Constantinople. Modeled after the city of Rome. Constantine dies – East survives; West falls 18