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BERLIN CONFERENCE, Countries Represented: Germany (host)Austria Great BritainNetherlands FranceItaly BelgiumUSA PortugalSpain Ottoman EmpireRussia Sweden/NorwayTurkey WHO WAS NOT THERE? RESULTS: The representative countries would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin and the Congo and Niger Rivers Abolishment of the Slave Trade Agreed that any power that annexed territory or established a protectorate from that day forward would let every other country know immediately. At the same time, that country was responsible for establishing political stability, thereby guaranteeing effective occupation of those regions.

How Close Did We Get?

Major colonial holdings included: Great Britain desired a Cape-to-Cairo collection of colonies and almost succeeded though their control of Egypt, Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan), Uganda, Kenya (British East Africa), South Africa, and Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana (Rhodesia). The British also controlled Nigeria and Ghana (Gold Coast). France took much of western Africa, from Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa) and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa). Belgium and King Leopold II controlled the Democratic Republic of Congo (Belgian Congo). Portugal took Mozambique in the east and Angola in the west. Italy's holdings were Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and a portion of Ethiopia. Germany took Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and Tanzania (German East Africa). Spain claimed the smallest territory - Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni). de Blij, H.J. and Peter O. Muller Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., The National Geographic Desk Reference. National Geographic, 1999.

Dr. Livingston, I presume?

David Livingstone arrived in Africa in 1840 with two goals: to explore the continent and to end the slave trade. In England, his writings and lectures ignited the public's imagination regarding the "Dark Continent" and elevated Livingstone to the status of a national hero. In 1864 Livingstone returned to Africa and mounted an expedition through the central portion of the continent with the objective of discovering the source of the Nile River. As months stretched into years, little was heard from the explorer. Rumors spread that Livingstone was being held captive or was lost or dead. Newspapers headlined the question "Where is Livingstone?" while the public clamored for information on the whereabouts of their national hero. By 1871, the ruckus had crossed to the shores of America and inspired George Bennett, publisher of the New York Herald, to commission newspaper reporter Henry Stanley to find Livingstone. Leading an expedition of approximately 200 men, Stanley headed into the interior from the eastern shore of Africa on March 21, After nearly eight months he found Livingstone in Ujiji, a small village on the shore of Lake Tanganyika on November 10, 1871

What did Livingston and Stanley discover on their journeys to the Congo?

Published: December 19, 1906 Copyright © The New York Times

So what were some other consequences? ASSIMILATION: This is the same man…what happened to him?

Europeans changed the political, social, and economic lives of the peoples they conquered.