Giuseppe Verdi October 9 or 10, 1813 – January 27, 1901

Biography Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian Romantic co mposer mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century.

Early life  Verdi was born the son of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi and Luigia Uttini in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, Verdi went to Milan when he was twenty to continue his studies.

Early life When he was still a child, Verdi's parents moved from Piacenza to Busseto, where the future composer's education was greatly facilitated. Also in Busseto, Verdi was given his first lessons in composition.Verdi went to Milan when he was twenty to continue his studies.

Initial Recognition  The production by Milan's La Scala of his first opera, Oberto in November 1839 achieved a degree of success, La Scala's impresario, offered Verdi a contract for two more works.  A large number of operas - 14 in all - followed in the decade after 1843, a period which Verdi was to describe as his "galley years".

Middle years Sometime in the mid-1840s, after the death of Margherita Barezzi, Verdi began an affair with Giuseppina. Their cohabitation before marriage was regarded as scandalous, but Verdi and Giuseppina married on August 29, 1859, near Geneva.

Twilight and death During the following years, Verdi worked on revising some of his earlier scores, most notably new versions of Don Carlos,La forza del destino, and Simon Boccanegra.

Twilight and death  In 1897, Verdi completed his last composition, a setting of the traditional Latin text Stabat Mater. This was the last of four sacred works that Verdi composed  Verdi's last opera, Falstaff, whose libretto was also by Boito, was based on Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor and Victor Hugo's subsequent translation.

Role in the Risorgimento  Music historians have long perpetuated a myth about the famous Va, pensiero chorus sung in the third act of Nabucco.  The myth of Verdi as Risorgimento's composer also led to claims that the slogan "Viva VERDI" was used throughout Italy to secretly call for Vittorio Emanuele Re D'Italia ( Victor Emmanuel King of Italy),, then king of Sardinia.

Role in the Risorgimento  Verdi was elected as a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1861 following a request of Prime Minister Cavour but in 1865 he resigned from the office. In 1874 he was named Senator of the Kingdom by King Victor Emanuel II.

Style  Verdi's predecessors who influenced his music were Rossini, Bellini, Giacomo Meyerbeer and, most notably, Gaetano Donizetti and Saverio Mercadante. Although his orchestration is often masterful, Verdi relied heavily on his melodic gift as the ultimate instrument of musical expression.

Style  However, it would be incorrect to assume that Verdi underestimated the expressive power of the orchestra or failed to use it to its full capacity where necessary.  Many of his operas, especially the later ones are a staple of the standard repertoire. No composer of Italian opera has managed to match Verdi's popularity, perhaps with the exception of Giacomo Puccini.

Works Part of Verdi's operas, and their date of première are:  Oberto, November 17, 1839 Oberto  Un giorno di regno, September 5, 1840 Un giorno di regno  Nabucco, March 9, 1842 Nabucco  I Lombardi alla prima crociata, February 11, 1843 I Lombardi alla prima crociata  Ernani, March 9, 1844 Ernani  I due Foscari, November 3, 1844 I due Foscari  Giovanna d'Arco, February 15, 1845 Giovanna d'Arco  Alzira, August 12, 1845 Alzira  Attila, March 17, 1846 Attila  Macbeth, March 14, 1847 Macbeth  I masnadieri, July 22, 1847 I masnadieri  Jérusalem (a revision and translation of I Lombardi alla prima crociata) November 26, 1847 Jérusalem Il corsaro, 25 October 1848Il corsaro…

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