China Unit 9 By: Sydney Carlson

People ( ) Yuan Shihkai -A very important military official that was elected premier. Puyi ( )- A boy emperor who renounced his position, which in turn ended 2,000 years of Chinas Imperial ways. Sun Yat-sen – A revolutionary who became a leader. He organized the Guomindang (GMD). Created his three principles; Nationalism, Democracy, People’s Livelihood.

Terms ( ) GMD- The leading revolutionary party started by Sun Yat-sen in 1911 during the beginning of the Chinese revolution. Warlord Government-After the end of Imperialism there was no centralized government in China so Warlords governed different regions, creating a Warlord regulated Government.

Events ( ) In 1911 there was very little technology, a lot of military defeats and many peasant revolts, so in October of 1911 a revolution began to reconstruct China. In 1916 Yuan tried to go into power by going under the title emperor, but this provoked a widespread revolt. In 1911 Sun Yat-sen organized the GMD.

People Chiang Kai-shek- The leader of the GMD. He stressed the role of international alliances and individual initiative. Mao- Beginner of Communism in China and the 1 st leader of Communist China. Stressed community organization and peasant farming. President Nixon- A United states president who, in 1973, met with Chairman Mao. This created a friendship but at the expense of Taiwan.

Terms ( ) Communism- Social Organization and Economic and Social activity is regulated by a by a single party. Soviet- A council, the primary unit of government in the Soviet Union at national, regional and local levels. Adapted by some communist areas. Women's Suffrage Association and the Women’s rights league- Feminist organizations created under Mao. Irredentist- A group that seeks to restore territory to the state that once owned it.

Events ( ) May 4 th Movement (1919)- Student demonstrations to “ask” for the acceptance of Western Technology. The Long March ( )- A 370 day 6,000 mile strategic retreat. Around 80,000 men and 35 women crossed obstacles such as Chiangs forces, Marshland, Grassland, Rivers and Mountains. At their new base the communist party built up strength and removed themselves from the nationalists. They defeated them in Mao introduced new revolutionary policies. He redistributed the land, gave women rights to hold land, promoted universal literacy and use of appropriate technology. Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom ( )- Mao opened the gates for public expression but in 1957 he feared uncontrolled protestors so he jailed many and exiled some to remote rural farms. The Great Leap forward ( )- During this time period people were asked to keep there normal day jobs as farmers and to come home and melt down steel. This was an attempt to reconstruct Chinas Government. This attempt failed. Cultural Revolutions ( )- Mao began to silence resistance. He tried to bring China back to its pre revolutionary days. He students and soldiers were organized into the Red Army and students denounced their teachers. Starvation and the destruction of the school system brought china to a period of committed anarchy. Recovery Period ( )- The Peoples liberation army suppressed the red army. Mao sought international affairs so in 1972 President Nixon met with Chairman Mao. One fourth of imports were machinery and China became a very large steel producing area.

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