Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Human Communication, 7 th Edition Joseph A. DeVito Hunter College of the City University of New York

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Twelve: Public Speaking Preparation and Delivery (Steps 7-10) This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: - any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; - preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; - any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Twelve Goals Use language to best achieve a purpose Construct effective introductions and conclusions Rehearse your speech efficiently Deliver your speech with effective voice and body action Critically analyze a speech

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 7—Wording Your Speech Prepare it in an oral style—short, simple, familiar words Has more qualifying expressions like “although,” “however,” “perhaps” Has more self-references

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Choosing the Right Words Clarity – Be economical and specific with both numbers and words – Use specific terms and numbers – Use guide phrases and short, familiar terms – Carefully assess idioms – Vary levels of abstraction Vividness – Use active verbs – Use figures of speech that are visual, auditory, and tactile

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Choosing the Right Words cont… Appropriateness – Level of formality – Avoid written-style expressions, slang, vulgar, and offensive expressions Personal Style – Use personal pronouns – Direct questions to the audience – Create a sense of immediacy with audience Power Sentence Construction – Short, direct, positive sentences – Use active verbs – Vary the lengths of sentences to help rhythm

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 8—Functions…of the Conclusion Summarize Restate your thesis its importance, and major points Close Use quotation Pose a challenge or question Thank the audience

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Functions… of the Introduction Gain attention Ask a question Refer to specific audience members Refer to recent happenings Use illustration, or a dramatic or humorous story Use visual aids Orient the audience Preview main idea and propositions Identify the goal you hope to achieve

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Guidelines for Avoiding Common Mistakes of Introduction and Conclusion Don’t start speech immediately Don’t display discomfort or displeasure Don’t apologize for nerves or preface your introduction Don’t preface introduction Don’t introduce new material in your conclusion Don’t race away from the podium after the speech

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Transitions and Internal Summaries “Connecting the introduction to the body, points to points, the body to the conclusion” To announce a proposition To signal you are closing To introduce an exception To reconnect audience to ideas To signal location point in speech

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Preparation Outline Is a full sentence outline Clearly states purpose and thesis Presents body of speech Builds both introduction and conclusion Notes possible presentation aids Lists references

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Template Outline Refines the preparation outline Could be used as a speaking outline in some cases See your book for an outline template to follow

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Delivery Outline Assists in delivery of speech Guidelines – Be brief – Be delivery-minded – Rehearse with the delivery outline

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 9—Methods of Delivery Impromptu speaking Manuscript style Extemporaneous style – Most useful – Recommended for most people in most situations

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Rehearsing Your Speech Rehearse the speech from beginning to end Time the speech Rehearse under conditions in which you will make speech Rehearse in front of full-length mirror Don’t interrupt rehearsal to make notes; do it after you finish Rehearse at least three or four times

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 10—Deliver Your Speech Three dimensions of voice – Volume – Rate Articulation and Pronunciation – Pauses – Avoid filler pauses (“um, you know, like, er”) – The use of silence

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Body Movement Eye contact Facial expressions Gestures Posture Larger body movement The use of notes

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Presentation Tips Maintain good eye contact Use reasonable facial expressions Let gestures be spontaneous and natural Use movement to emphasize transitions and make important assertions Know and use notes in subtle ways

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Critically Evaluating Speeches Is the subject appropriate? Is it appropriate for the audience? Has it been researched well? Are the thesis and propositions appropriate? Is there good supporting material? Is the speech well-organized? Is the speech worded well? Are conclusion, introduction, and transitions effective? Is the delivery effective?

Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Expressing Your Evaluation Say something positive Be specific with comments Be objective, avoid your biases Limit criticism Be constructive Focus on behavior