JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY BEGINS Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845 OLD HICKORY TAKES OVER! JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY BEGINS

Is Andrew Jackson a ______ Champion of the “Common Man”? Essential Question: Is Andrew Jackson a ______ Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Jackson’s background 1. Born Poor 2. Self-made man 3. Military commander 4. Hero of NEW ORLEANS War of 1812 5. Fights the Spanish in Florida 6. Becomes a lawyer and politician 7. Slave owner 8. Nicknamed: “Old Hickory” = Hickory wood is tough and difficult to cut

ALL WHITE MEN CAN VOTE WITH NO PROPERTY RESTRICTIONS VOTING IN THE 1800’s PRE-JACKSON ONLY Rich, White, LANDOWNERS could vote Then: UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFRAGE = ALL WHITE MEN CAN VOTE WITH NO PROPERTY RESTRICTIONS GREAT FOR JACKSON SUPPORTERS

WHY IS UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFRAGE GREAT FOR JACKSON? Poor whites with no property can vote (there are lots of them) . They love Jackson because he is a “common man”

More common people voting = great for Jackson IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL WHITE MALE SUFFERAGE: More common people voting = great for Jackson Pre-Jackson AGE OF JACKSON

The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST More people live in “the country” GREAT FOR JACKSON!

Is GREATER DEMOCRACY a good thing?? Essential Question: Is GREATER DEMOCRACY a good thing??

William H. Crawford [GA] Election of 1824 - The Corrupt Bargain John Quincy Adams [MA] Henry Clay Kentucky Andrew Jackson Kentucky William H. Crawford [GA]

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate HICKORY TREE JACKSON’S SYMBOL OF STRENGTH

Jackson gets the most Popular votes Electoral votes BUT HE DOES NOT GET THE MAJORITY OF EITHER SO THE ELECTION GOES TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

1824 The CORRUPT BARGAIN 1. JACKSON wins the popular vote but does not have a majority of electoral votes 2.The election goes to the HOUSE and HENRY CLAY uses his influence to get 3. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS elected president, Clay becomes Sec. of State

Election of 1828 Jackson comes back and crushes John Quincy Adams in the election Of 1828

Was the election of 1828 an example of the common man taking power??? ESSENTIAL QUESTION Was the election of 1828 an example of the common man taking power???

Jackson’s wife Rachel was married once before Rachel Jackson Jackson’s wife Rachel was married once before She never was officially divorced, so she was technically married to two men at once. Jackson’s enemies made a big deal of this and humiliated her in public. Final Divorce Decree

Rachel was so humiliated that people say she died of shame Jackson wearing Mourning clothes

Jackson’s Inauguration: Riots as The ‘COMMON’ PEOPLE crash the party

Andrew Jackson as President Jackson was: -61 Years old -Mourning the death of Rachel -Still feisty and ready to fight for what he believes in (KING ANDREW????) His decisions were not always the best

Jackson: “Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.” Even though Jackson is a Western slave owner: He is a NATIONALIST: Believes the needs of the whole nation are more important than any one region At a State dinner Jackson proposed the following toast: Jackson: “Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.” Jackson puts the nation ahead of any one region

Essential Question Does Jackson’s NATIONALISM make him look more like a KING or a HERO TO THE COMMON MAN?

South Carolina decides to obey! 1832 Tariff Conflict South Carolina decides it does not want to pay the new tariff (import tax) S.C. claim they have the right to NULLIFY (Cancel) Federal laws they do not like!!!!! Jackson disagrees He issues the Force Bill: He will use the Army to kill everyone in South Carolina South Carolina decides to obey!

Essential Question Jackson threatened to kill every South Carolinian. Did he make that threat because he was like a KING or in the interests of the COMMON MAN?

“…Marshall has made his Decision, let him enforce it” Andrew Jackson and the Indians Jackson wanted INDIANS MOVED to WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER (INDIAN REMOVAL ACT) The SUPREME COURT ruled that the states couldn’t just Kick them out Jackson ignores the SUPREME COURT “…Marshall has made his Decision, let him enforce it”

Trail of Tears: Forced march of the Indians to Oklahoma 25% of the Indians die of disease or neglect

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

ESSENTIAL QUESTION By ignoring the SUPREME COURT was Jackson acting like a KING or a hero to the COMMON MAN?

The National Bank Debate President Jackson Nicholas Biddle JACKSON HATES THE BANK AND HE HATES THE BANK DIRECTOR NICHOLAS BIDDLE

BAD DECISION!!! Jackson vs. The Bank Jackson hates the bank -Too powerful -Too political -Favors the Rich / Hurts the Farmer Jackson destroys the Bank -Pulls out all govt. money -Puts it in LOCAL banks BAD DECISION!!! Jackson weakened the entire Financial system leading to A MAJOR DEPRESSION

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

ESSENTIAL QUESTION JACKSON’S destruction of the NATIONAL BANK lead to an economic collapse. Did JACKSON destroy the bank because he was like a KING or a hero to the COMMON MAN?

Jackson’s POWERFUL PRESIDENCY more examples…. SPOILS SYSTEM: Jackson replaced many federal office-holders with his supporters, even if they were not qualified (generally not a good idea) KING VETO: Jackson vetoed more legislation than all of the presidents before COMBINED!! He was not afraid to tell Congress NO!

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”? Big Issues of the Age of Jackson: -Tariff Crisis in S.C. -The Destruction of the Bank -Indian Policy: The Trail of Tears The use of Presidential Power: King Veto / Spoils System -The Rise of Democracy: Universal White Male Suffrage ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Was the Age of Jackson a triumph Of the COMMON MAN or was Andrew Jackson no better than KING ANDREW a man who used the presidency to carry out his own will? An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren WINS Jackson’s Vice-President Van Buren wins the election! Economy collapses because Jackson destroyed the bank Everyone blames VAN BUREN!

(one year before his death) Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death) 1767 - 1845