The Green Ferry: Low Emissions, Low Wake & Operational Efficiency Matt Mullett Chief Executive Officer ALL AMERICAN MARINE

Low Emissions The “Right” thing to do

Low Emissions The “Right” thing to do

Low Emissions Legislative mandates –EPA Tier III – Marine Engines –EPA Tier IV – Marine Engines 2017 Challenge –Available technology –Economic viability

Low Emissions Biodiesel –Pros More Biodegradable Less toxic Renewable Resource –Cons Availability and Cost Engine OEM’s reluctant to accept blends greater than B20 or B30 –Meet ASTM Manufacturing Specifications –Cleans out the system, clogs filters Overall Impact from Corn to Combustion = more emissions

Low Emissions Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

Low Emissions SCR Systems –Pros Removing harmful emissions: NOx & SOx By-products – water and ammonia –Cons Marinization of industrial and highway technology Build boat around system Weight Burn more fuel Better off building lighter, smaller engines, burning less fuel emitting fewer emissions

Low Emissions After-Treatment Filters Catalyzed Particulate Filter for Diesel Engines –Pros 99% of Carbon monoxide 99% of Hydrocarbons 85% Particulate Material Provides additional sound attenuation –Cons No provisions for NOx and SOx treatment Back pressure

Low Wake Vessel wake – An issue here to stay

Low Wake Rich Passage Wake Wash Study

CFD Modeling & Testing VIRTUAL TANK TEST Teknicraft Design, Ltd. University of Iowa’s IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering Research Center –Iowa’s Institute of Hydraulic Research (IIHR) CFDSHIP-IOWA INSEAN Naval Architects (Rome, Italy) –Potential Flow Code Refine design features for low wash and energy

Virtual Test Tank Wake Wash Elevations

Reliability of the Model

Refining the Revision

Vessel Optimization Study 3 Different hull shapes 3 Different hydrofoil profiles 9 New vessels

Vessel Optimization Study - 83’ LOA - Quad Jet Boat passengers - 37 knot cruise speed

Operational Efficiencies Economic necessity –Minimize hull resistance –Maximize fuel efficiency –Evaluate propulsion systems

Weight Watchers Put your boat on a diet Weight Inventory –Weigh on & off Check for Fouling

Operational Efficiencies Bottom Paint –Intersleek 900 Up to 9% fuel and emissions savings compared to biocide antifoulant coatings with self polishing copolymers Necessary Expense

Consumption Comparison 80’ Monohull (150 pax) –450 gallons/day 72’ Catamaran (150 pax) –400 gallons/day 83’ Teknicraft (150 pax) –330 gallons/day –same engine model

Effective at 17 knots Displaces 1/3 rd of the vessel’s weight Uses 1/3 rd less horsepower Burns 1/3 rd less fuel

WAVE PIERCER SYMMETRICAL BOW

ASSYMETRICAL TUNNEL

HYDROFOIL SYSTEM

VESSEL83' Teknicraft Catamaran90' Composite Monohull PASSENGERS150 ENGINE RPM1800 ENGINE POWER49.5%80% SPEED22 knots FUEL CONSUMPTION75.1 gallons/hour150 gallons/hour HOURS AT 22 KNOTS1600 hours/year FUEL COST$3/gallon ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION120,160 gallons240,000 gallons ANNUAL FUEL COST$360,480$720,000 ANNUAL FUEL SAVINGS$359,520$0 MONTHLY FUEL SAVINGS$29,960$0Cheaper

Flat Fuel Consumption

Design Characteristics Lightweight aluminum construction –5383 Marine Grade Alloy

Operational Efficiencies Fuel Management Systems –Fuel Flow Meters Most efficient operating rpm levels

Operational Efficiencies Fuel Treatment Systems –Enhance Combustion –Economize fuel potential

Operational Efficiencies Diesel Electric

Operational Efficiencies Diesel Electric –Pros Consistent Load, predictable fuel consumption –Cons Size and Weight Availability of Motors Speed Loss of efficiency during power conversion

Operational Efficiencies Hybrid Transmissions –Gear box with an electric motor input –Eliminate the propulsion prime mover Issues –Suitable electric motors –Power generation for motors Genset Batteries

Operational Efficiencies Solar –Expensive –Real Estate –Weight –Speed: 7 knots

Operational Efficiencies Wind –Not suitable for most ferry applications –Efficiency

The Green Ferry: Low Emissions, Low Wake & Operational Efficiency Existing & emerging technologies – Beware of “Smoke & mirrors” Economic realities – Do your homework

Thank You