1 Introduction to Alternative Fuels Technology

2 Why are we doing this ?

3 Future car Is she driving an AFV?

4 Bio-what? What kind of fuel are you using?

5 History First Automobiles 1765Richard Trevithick Steam 1847Moses FarmerElectric 1863E’ tienne LenoirInternal Combustion 1898Rudorf DieselDiesel Compression 1902M. KriegerHybrid/Electric 1980Ed PasseriniSolar Car

6 History 2 Automobile Performance 1851 Speed Record 19 mph Electric 1898 First Official Race 39 mph Electric 1899 Mile per Minute 60 mph Electric 1902 Electric’s Lose Lead 75 mph Steam Mile Barrier Broke 127 mph Steam

7 The End of Cheap Oil

8 The U.S. Accounts for 26% of World Oil Consumption and 9% of World Oil Production, but Has Only 2% of World Oil Reserves Petroleum

9 Transportation Is Almost Entirely Dependent on Oil. It Accounts for 67% of U.S. Oil Use Now. This Will Increase Significantly in the Future Sector Use Source: EIA 2000

10 U.S. Highway Transportation Uses More Oil Than Is Produced Domestically Transportation Use Source: EIA 2000 Millions of Barrels per Day Heavy Trucks Domestic Oil Production Automobiles Light Trucks Passenger Vehicles

11 The Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 (CAAA) EPA Improve air quality by reducing mobile source pollutants with cleaner fuelsImprove air quality by reducing mobile source pollutants with cleaner fuels Purchase LEVs in Clean Fuel Fleet ProgramPurchase LEVs in Clean Fuel Fleet Program Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greaterMetropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greater in non-attainment Centrally fueled fleets of 10 or more vehiclesCentrally fueled fleets of 10 or more vehicles State, federal, and fuel provider fleets for 70% of fleet for <8,500 GVWR and 50% of fleet up to 26,000 GVWRState, federal, and fuel provider fleets for 70% of fleet for <8,500 GVWR and 50% of fleet up to 26,000 GVWR New acquisitions since 1999New acquisitions since 1999

12 The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) DOE Reduce oil consumption through alternative fuel infrastructure implement and acquisition of LEVs alternative fuel vehiclesReduce oil consumption through alternative fuel infrastructure implement and acquisition of LEVs alternative fuel vehicles Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greaterMetropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greater Centrally fueled fleets of 20 or more vehicles less than 8,500 lbsCentrally fueled fleets of 20 or more vehicles less than 8,500 lbs State, federal, and fuel provider fleets, 75%, 75%, and 90% respectivelyState, federal, and fuel provider fleets, 75%, 75%, and 90% respectively New acquisitions since 1997New acquisitions since 1997

13 What are Alternative Fuels? Definition Fuels that are substantially non-petroleum and yield energy security and environmental benefits.

14 What are Alternative Fuels? Defined by EPA, Recognized by DOE Natural Gas – Compressed or Liquefied Propane/Liquefied Petroleum Gas Ethanol (denatured, E-5, E-85, ) Methanol (M-85) Electricity and Hybrid Electric Biodiesel (B100 neat, B20, B5) Hydrogen (ICE and Fuel Cell)

15 Clean Cities also promotes Idle reduction Fuel economy Conservation activities Mass Transportation Share a ride Hybrid/electric.

16 Niche Markets have potential

17 Bio-fuel Production Ethanol plant in Bartow Alcohol and gasoline Biodiesel plant in Lakeland Vegetable oil and petro-diesel

18 Ethanol Flexible Fuel Vehicle E85 or E5 percentage Ethanol to gasoline Dodge, Chrysler, Ford, GM, BMW

19 Biodiesel B100 neat, B20, B10, B5 Percentage vegetable oil to diesel

20 Plug-ins

21 Electric Vehicle

22 Charging Toyota Rav4 Electric Vehicle charging at Photovoltaic powered utility integrated system in New Syrmra

23 Solar Car Photovoltaics, battery and electric motor powered electric vehicle

24 Hybrid – Electric and Gasoline u Toyota u Honda u Ford

25 Neighborhood Electric Vehicle NEV GEM Chrysler and Station

26 GAS u Compress Natural Gas CNG u Liquefied Natural Gas LNG u Propane – LPG u Dedicated and Bi-fuel u GM and Toyota

27 Hydrogen u Fuel Cell with electric drive u Internal Combustion Engine