 Sigismund Freud  May 6, 1856  Freiberg, Moravia  theories often a product of the zeitgeist

 Victorian Era  behaving properly  doing good works  sexuality was taboo

 Victorian tendency to “split”  public self  private and secret self  split = neurosis of the day  openly discussed sexuality  offensive to many

 Amalie Freud (Freud's mother)  eight children  Freud the oldest and her favourite  Freud born out of wedlock?  played a key role in Freudian theory

 Jakob Freud (Freud's father)  Jewish wool merchant  Freud's views of his father were mixed  Oedipus complex  "sons unconsciously desire to kill their fathers"  Freud's father was married three times

 doctor of medicine  research focus (neurology)  psychiatry to make a living and get married  : experiments with cocaine  18 hour days, 24 Volumes of writing

 1886: Marries Martha Bernays  6 children (3 boys and 3 girls)  one of which was Anna Freud  : interested in hypnotherapy  abandons in favor of ______________________

 : with Josef Breuer  "father figure"  helped F get established  Anna O. (Bertha Pappenheim)

 Anna - 2 years in therapy  hysterical neurosis  developed the TALKING CURE  by talking Anna's symptoms disappeared

 origins of hysterical symptoms are in childhood sexual seduction  experiences are repressed

 1895: analyze one of his own dreams  Manifest Content  Latent Content

 Anna Freud born  1896: first use of term "psychoanalysis“  starts to develop neurotic symptoms  1897: begins his self-analysis  1900: Interpretation of Dreams published

 1906: Jung and Freud Correspond  1909: Journey to America  1913: Break with Jung

 1918: loses his entire fortune  1923: oral cancer are detected  smoking 20 cigars a day, 33 operations  in pain, continues to work

 1930: A heart attack  1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor  Freud corresponds with Einstein  1938: anti-semitic persecution  Nazis burned Freud's books

 Sept. 23 rd, 1939 dies

 The ideas..  The man…

 Psychic Determinism  Internal Structure  Psychic Conflict  Mental Energy

Consciousness Preconscious Unconscious

 sexuality and life instincts :  aggression and death instincts:

 Brain v. Mind  Brain – physical organ  Mind – ID, EGO, SE

 Superego –  Ego –  ID –

 ID (translated as "the it")  uncivilized, selfish, illogical, impulsive, pleasure-seeking  at birth, the mind consists entirely of ID  works according to the ___________________________

 the EGO (translated as the "I")  rational, realistic  reality principle =

 function of the EGO  balance between demands reality, the ID and Superego

 moral, perfectionistic (unrealistically)  the superego (translated the "over I")  standards about what is right and wrong  irrationally demanding in its strive for moral perfection  superego consists of two parts:  ego ideal and conscience  ego ideal -  conscience -

 conflict results in anxiety  realistic anxiety  neurotic anxiety  moral anxiety  To cope… we use defense mechanisms

 Psychic energy of mind is called Libido  Energy is finite  Energy must be vented

 Catharsis Hypothesis

 Libido invested in stages ◦ 0ral ◦ Anal ◦ Phallic ◦ Latency ◦ Genital

Believed in moderation… Problems Underinvestment Overinvestment Results in FIXATION

 Erogenous zone: mouth, lips, and tongue  Quality of care giving an issue.  IDEAL: moderate care  trust, given and receive, self-reliance  BAD: too little care  BAD: too much care

 unhealthy development: ◦ oral passive personality ◦ oral aggressive

 control over anal sphincters  Parents play a key role in toilet training  How this is handled is crucial…  IDEAL: Moderate praise ◦ healthy development: personal autonomy, independence, initiative without guilt

 children want to become independent.  “ME DO” – learns self-control  Learning the meaning of the word “NO”  “Terrible Twos”

 BAD: too high expectations (too harsh)  BAD: no expectations…. (too lenient)  unhealthy development: ◦ anal-retentive

 complicated and controversial stage  adjustments to opposite sex are made  Oedipus and Electra complex  Males and Females resolve this stage differently.  Superego develops by the end of this stage

 Inspired by Greek legend  Oedipus = “swollen foot”  King of Thebes (Oedipus) unconsciously kills father and marries mother  Little boys want to kill their fathers and sleep with their mothers  Can’t happen… so little boys identify with father

 “Penis envy”  “The Love Doctor” did not understand women  “What do women want”?  “The Dark Continent”

 Emerging sexual feelings during stage  Emerging conscience  resolution dictates how you handle sexuality as an adult  Sexual uptight (rigid, guilt-prone, condemning)  Sexually “loose” (phallic personality)

 Cooling off period  no localization of libidinal energy  sexual interests replaced by social ones  Sexual drive is “sublimated” to school, hobbies, friends and sports  Weakness of theory  Attraction can occur as early as the 4 th grade before sexual maturity

 marked by the development of emotional ties with member of the opposite sex  Focus outward, instead of inward  Learn to love and work = mental health

 Defense Mechanisms

 George Valliant ◦ Mature - sublimation ◦ Neurotic – sexualization ◦ Immature - regression ◦ Narcissistic – distortion ◦ See Kaplan and Sadock

 Two goals…  1) Gain insight (intellectual awareness)  2) Change behavior (move aware from repetitive compulsions)

Repression: Primary and Secondary Primary - Secondary -

 Dissociation:

 Identification:

 Displacement:

 Distortion:

 Idealization-Devaluation:

 Isolation of affect:

 Passive-Aggressive:

 Projection:

 Splitting:

 Projective Identification:  beliefs about another are translated into behavior that confirms the original belief  This requires an explanation…

 Rationalization:

 Reaction formation:

 Regression:

Schizoid fantasy:

 Sexualization:

 Somatization:

 Denial -

 Omnipotence -

 Sublimation: