1. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

2. A Brief Bio… Born into a poor Jewish Austrian family Initially studied to become a doctor Believed mental illness did not originate from a purely physical cause Smoked over 20 cigars per day Fled the Nazis in 1938 –Lost 3 sisters in the Holocaust

3. Early Influences on Freud Jean Charcot (1825-1893) Hypnotism Josef Breuer (1842-1925) Significance of repressed events Anna O. “Talking Cure”

4. The Mind According to Freud

5. Libido (Psychic/Sexual Energy) Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)

6. Three Parts of the Mind IdEgoSuperego

9. The Id Basic drives (life/sexual and death/aggressive) –No sense of fear, morality, or good/evil –Only sees the self—no awareness of others –The pleasure principle Eros Thanatos –Repetition Compulsion

10. The Ego -The mediator between Id and the demands of society Formed by the experience of pain— defends the Id Does not exist to punish the Id—exists to fulfill the Id’s desires in socially acceptable ways The Reality Principle -Censors painful feelings from reaching consciousness

12. The Superego The conscience Judges the Id and is responsible for guilt, pride, and satisfaction Represents morality and parental authority

13. Psycho-Sexual Stages of Development According to Freud Stages shape the adult personality –Frustration or fixation in a particular stage leads to issues later in life

14. The Oral Stage: Birth-1 year old Sexual pleasure centers around the mouth –i.e., breast feeding

15. The Anal Stage: 2-3 years old Sexual pleasure centers around defecation and the anus i.e., toilet training

16. The Phallic Stage: 4-5 years old [different for boys and girls] Boys: Oedipus Complex Castration Complex In “healthy” boys, the conflict with the father is resolved

17. The Phallic Stage: 4-5 years old Girls The Electra Complex –“Penis Envy” Girls cannot have a castration complex, and thus can never resolve their Electra Complex –This explains their “natural” passive, defensive role –Having a baby satisfies penis envy

18. The Latent Stage: 6-12 years old Sexual feelings developed in the first three stages are repressed

19. The Genital Stage: Adolescence See: your peers….

21. Freud’s Methodology -Repressed sexual desires are the key to the personality

22. More Methodology… -Free association -Transference -Dreams

23. The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) The Censor Displacement Condensation Symbolization Projection