Human Body Systems

How many human body systems are there? Digestive Reproductive Digestive Reproductive RespiratoryNervous RespiratoryNervous ExcretoryEndocrine ExcretoryEndocrine Circulatory Circulatory Skeletal Skeletal Muscular Muscular

Nutrition Nutrients  are substances in food that provide raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all essential processes. Nutrients  are substances in food that provide raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all essential processes. There are six kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. There are six kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Carbohydrates Example  Sugar and Starches Example  Sugar and Starches Function  main source of energy of life processes Function  main source of energy of life processes

Fat Nutrient  Fat Nutrient  Fat Example  oils, butter, cream Example  oils, butter, cream Functions  A reserve energy supply, building material for certain cell structures Functions  A reserve energy supply, building material for certain cell structures

Protein Example  Meat, eggs, beans, milk, fish Example  Meat, eggs, beans, milk, fish Functions  supplies amino acids which make new cells and body chemicals, repair and maintains body tissues Functions  supplies amino acids which make new cells and body chemicals, repair and maintains body tissues

Vitamins Example  A, B, C, D, K Example  A, B, C, D, K Functions  Necessary for good health and a healthy body, lack of a vitamin can cause disease Functions  Necessary for good health and a healthy body, lack of a vitamin can cause disease

Minerals Example  Calcium, iron, potassium Example  Calcium, iron, potassium Functions  Regulate body functions, needed for structure of body parts, maintain good health Functions  Regulate body functions, needed for structure of body parts, maintain good health

Water Functions  Dissolves and transports materials in the body which is 70% water, needed for chemical reactions in the body Functions  Dissolves and transports materials in the body which is 70% water, needed for chemical reactions in the body

Digestive System Is responsible for breaking down food into molecules the body can use. Is responsible for breaking down food into molecules the body can use. Then the molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body. Then the molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body. Finally, wastes are eliminated from the body Finally, wastes are eliminated from the body

Digestive System There are several parts: There are several parts: MouthPancreas MouthPancreas Esophagus Large Intestine Esophagus Large Intestine Stomach Stomach Small Intestine Small Intestine Liver Liver

Mouth & Salivary Glands Function: Physical and Chemical breakdown of food Function: Physical and Chemical breakdown of food Physical  when your teeth are breaking down the food Physical  when your teeth are breaking down the food Chemical  the breakdown of complex molecules into simple (by enzymes  Amylase) Chemical  the breakdown of complex molecules into simple (by enzymes  Amylase)

Esophagus Connects the mouth to the stomach Connects the mouth to the stomach Epiglottis  seals off your windpipe, preventing the food from entering. Epiglottis  seals off your windpipe, preventing the food from entering. Peristalsis  waves of muscle contractions- pushes food through the to the stomach Peristalsis  waves of muscle contractions- pushes food through the to the stomach

Stomach J- shaped, muscular pouch J- shaped, muscular pouch Pepsin & Protease  enzyme digests proteins Pepsin & Protease  enzyme digests proteins Hydrochloric Acid  strong acid helps protease, kills bacteria Hydrochloric Acid  strong acid helps protease, kills bacteria Mucus  coats and protects the lining of the stomach Mucus  coats and protects the lining of the stomach

Small Intestines Completes chemical digestion, food is absorbed and transported to cells by blood. Completes chemical digestion, food is absorbed and transported to cells by blood. Produces protease, amylase, lipase enzymes Produces protease, amylase, lipase enzymes Long & folded increase surface area. Tiny finger-like=villi cover inner surface increase surface area. Long & folded increase surface area. Tiny finger-like=villi cover inner surface increase surface area.

Liver Produces chemicals needed for digestion Produces chemicals needed for digestion Liver  breaks down medicines & produces bile Liver  breaks down medicines & produces bile Bile  breaks down fat particles & neutralizes stomach acid Bile  breaks down fat particles & neutralizes stomach acid

Pancreas Triangular shaped organ, between stomach and small intestines Triangular shaped organ, between stomach and small intestines Produces enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) that flow into the small intestines Produces enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) that flow into the small intestines

Large Intestines 1 ½ meters long (as long as a bathtub) 1 ½ meters long (as long as a bathtub) Absorbs excess water, collects undigested food for removal from body Absorbs excess water, collects undigested food for removal from body

Rectum & Anus Rectum  short tube where waste is compressed into solid form Rectum  short tube where waste is compressed into solid form Anus  waste material is eliminated from the body Anus  waste material is eliminated from the body