1. Nutrients and Digestion
Chapter 12 Lesson 1
Nutrients and Digestion

2. Nutrition
Nutrients
Substances in food that provide energy and materials needed by cells.
Your body needs energy for every activity that it performs. How much energy depends on your body mass, age, and activity level.
Six kinds of nutrients are available in food
1. proteins
2. carbohydrates
3. fats
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

3. 1. Proteins
Large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
MADE UP OF AMINO ACIDS!!!
Your body needs 20 amino acids to make thousands of proteins used in your cells.
8 essential amino acids- supplied by foods you eat.
YOUR BODY CANNOT MANUFACTURE THE EIGHT ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS!

4. Three types of carbs are: sugar, starch, and fiber.
2. Carbohydrates
The main source of energy for your body.
Humans should get most of their energy from the carbohydrates they eat.
When carbs are broken down in the presence of oxygen in your cells, this energy is released for use by your body.
Three types of carbs are: sugar, starch, and fiber.

5. Good storage unit for energy
3. Fats
Nutrients that provide energy and help the body absorb vitamins.
Good storage unit for energy
Excess energy from the foods you eat is converted to fat and stored for later use.
4. Vitamins
Organic nutrients needed for growth, regulating body functions, and preventing disease.
Your bone cells need vitamin D to use calcium

6. 5 Minerals
Nutrients that lack carbon (inorganic) regulate many chemical reactions in your body.
Calcium and phosphorus are used in largest amounts for a variety of body functions.
6. Water
Human body is 60% water
Water leaves your body by:
Water vapor
Perspiration
Need 2L of water a day.

7. Foods that contain the same type of nutrient belong to a food group.

8. The Digestive System Digestion Enzyme
The process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be absorbed and moved into the blood.
Enzyme
Type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body.
Amylase- enzyme produced by glands near mouth
Helps breakdown carbohydrates

9. Digestive System Organs
Major organs of digestive tract
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
Accessory Organs
Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Food passes through in this order!
1.Tongue, teeth, mouth 2.Esophagus
3. Stomach Small intestine
5. Large intestine 6. Rectum and anus

10. Digestive System Organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
Rectum

12. Saliva Esophagus Peristalsis Stomach
Watery substance produced by glands in the mouth.
Begins the breakdown of starch to sugar
Esophagus
Moves food downward by peristalsis with no digestion taking place.
Peristalsis
Wave in esophagus that moves food along digestive system.
Stomach
Produces mucus, which makes food more slippery and protects the stomach from the strong, digestive solutions.
chyme- water liquid that moves from stomach to small intestine.

13. The Small Intestine The Large Intestine Absorption of food takes place
Occurs through the walls of fingerlike projections called villi.
VILLI INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE.
The duodenum is the 1st part of the small intestine.
The Large Intestine
Absorbs large amounts of water to help maintain homeostasis in the body.
Muscle contractions in the large intestine are SLOWER than those in the small intestine.
Bacteria helps aid in digestion.

14. Pancreas Liver Rectum Produces enzymes and insulin Produces bile
Releases the solid waste