A UNIQUE APPROACH TO THE 21 ST CENTURY AUTOMOTIVE CHALLENGE The Hybridized Driveway

The 21 st Century Automotive Challenge “Design and develop a vehicle that practically reduces a highway vehicle’s carbon footprint and provides for greater fossil fuel efficiency in transporting passengers and cargo from point A to point B. Special attention is given to highway payload efficiency. Speed and cost efficiency is also included. Passenger safety, preservation of cargo, and the over-all environmental impact of vehicle production, cradle to grave, should also be included as important factors.”

The Problem

The 21 st Century Problem Global Warming Greenhouse Gasses Four sectors:  Residential  Industrial  Commercial  Transportation

The 21 st Century Problem

Transportation Transportation accounts for 33% of American carbon dioxide emissions

Transportation in America Currently 300 million people in the US 230 million people are eligible to drive 115 million workers in the US—99.6 million (86.5%) commute to work in a car, truck, or van Of those commuting drivers, 84 million (84.6%) drive alone to work and 12 million (12.1%) carpool with only one other person

Transportation in America Most American households have two cars American cities are built around private vehicle usage as the primary means of transportation

-- THE HYBRIDIZED SOLUTION Our Solution

The Hybridized Driveway A problem as big as global warming will take more than just new technology, it will require a cultural change as well

The Hybridized Driveway There already is a certain degree of specialization of cars in today’s house hold. Why not have two cars for two different purposes?  Short haul, commuting, errands, around town, etc.  Longer haul, trips, multiple passengers

Moritz Woodstock 2000 VW Jetta 1,300 lbs towing capacity BioDiesel Long Range Driving 50 mpg Converted 1994 Ford Ranger Electric Short Range Driving 92 MPGe Our Driveway

Moritz- Volkswagen TDI Jetta Speed: 0 – 110 mph Acceleration: 0 – 60 in 9 sec Passengers: 5 people Fuel Tank Capacity: 15 gallons Range in miles: 600 – 700 Cost Efficiency: Using Standard Petro 6.3¢ per mile Using SM’s B ¢ per mile

Moritz’s Fuel Moritz runs completely off Biodiesel (B100) Can also use any ratio of petro diesel to biodiesel Not a “grease” car (B100 refined from cooking oil) No conversions were necessary

Biodiesel Biodiesel fuels are refined from organic sources We produce our own biodiesel from used cooking oil Zero emissions

Additional Specifications Moritz trunk space- 13 cubic feet Woodstock cargo space- 48 cubic feet specifications/09- int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html specifications/09- int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html Safety- tests/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.htmlhttp:// tests/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html

Woodstock Ford Ranger Speed: 0 – 75 mph Acceleration: 0 – 30 in 5 sec Passengers: 2 people (pickup) Electrical storage capacity: 32.2 kWh Range in miles: 60 – 90 Recharge Time: 5 hours Cost Efficiency: Using “green” electricity 6.5¢ per mile Using std. grid electricity 5.7¢ per mile Recharge sources: Electrical Grid Solar panels Wind turbine

Electric Vehicle Woodstock runs on “green” electricity Green electricity is generated by Wind, Solar and Biomass

Solar Energy Woodstock has three solar panels above its cargo bay that run passively It generates 5% of the total electricity per day needed

Wind Energy Woodstock also has a portable wind turbine Woodstock must be stationary to deploy the turbine

Negative Emissions The wind turbine can generate electricity to charge Woodstock’s batteries and produce a surplus as well This surplus energy can be put back on the electrical grid

The Benefits of the Hybridized Driveway

The technology to begin to implement this idea is already here The technology needed is widespread and relatively cheap

Who are we? St. Mark’s School is a private boarding high school in Southboro, MA Woodstock was converted and modified by team members Conor MacKean ’03, Carole Lemos-Wade ‘06, Nick Generous ’07, Peter Smithy ‘08, Max Ziegler ’09, Xander Lodge ‘09, and many others! Moritz is a ‘00 VW Jetta TDI. Its principal modification is an removable fuel tank for precise fuel measurements.

Who are our friends? St. Mark’s Alumni and parents! Evergreen Solar – photovoltaic Wayside Ford – technical assistance Consumer Services Group – “Climate Save” energy Center for Resource Solutions – “green-e” The Alternative Energy Store – Air-X turbine FLIK Food Services – raw material for biodiesel Earth Tech –raw material for biodiesel

Works Cited Data on slide 4 from - Department of energy report from 2005 on US emissions Picture on slide 5 from Data on slide 6 from pdfhttp:// Photo on Slide 8 from and

Cost for one charge… WS. How many Batts. WS—24 6 volt batteries. 144 volts 200 amp hrs  Cost to fully charge batteries using “green” electricity at 18¢/kWh is $5.70  Cost to charge batteries using “regular” electricity at 16¢/kWh is $5.07

Additional Specifications [Additional specifications of woodstock] Trunk volume “Passenger safety, preservation of cargo, and the over-all environmental impact of vehicle production, cradle to grave, should also be included as important factors.”