1. Energy Conservation Home, School, and Transportation
CPES

2. Quiz – Energy Conservation
Energy use in U.S. – graphs
Energy use in average home – graph and discussion
Efficiency
Definition
Light bulbs
System efficiency – worksheet
Energy Conservation in the home
Home energy activity
Energy use and conservation in transportation
Alternative Fuels
Hybrids
Other ways to reduce energy use in transportation

3. Where is energy used in the U.S.?

4. Energy Conservation Efficiency – system efficiency, appliances
Payback period – calculations – Lutron
Calculate costs: Compare the incandescent and CF bulbs
Insulation
Energy Transfer: conduction, convection, radiation
Thermos demonstration
Home and school energy efficiency
Lighting system – classroom and school
How does energy use and efficiency relate to other environmental issues?
Energy and global climate change.

5. Inefficiency of Energy Use
Efficiency: Energy input that is converted to useful “work” (intended purpose)
What happens to the remainder
System efficiency vs. efficiency of individual unit (appliance, light bulb, etc.)
Overall efficiency - U.S. energy use is about 16%
Explain the following:
About 1/2 second law of energy
About 1/2 wasted unnecessarily

6. Figure 16-2 Page 381 Energy Inputs System Outputs 9% 7% 41% 84% U.S.
economy
and
lifestyles
43% 8% 4% 4%
Figure 16-2 Page 381
Nonrenewable fossil fuels
Useful energy
Petrochemicals
Nonrenewable nuclear
Unavoidable energy
waste
Hydropower, geothermal,
wind, solar
Unnecessary energy
waste
Biomass

7. Figure 16-4 (5) Page 382
Internal combustion
engine
(gasoline) 10%

9. Figure 16-4 (4) Page 382
Fluorescent light
22%

10. Figure 16-4 (5) Page 382
Incandescent light 5%

11. SYSTEM EFFICIENCY FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
95%
Waste
heat
Uranium
mining
(95%)
54%
Waste
heat
Uranium processing
and transportation
(57%)
17%
Waste
heat
Power
plant
(31%)
Waste
heat
14%
Transmission
of electricity
(85%)
14%
Resistance
heating
(100%)
Uranium
100%
Electricity from Nuclear Power Plant
Passive Solar
Sunlight
100%
90%
Waste
heat
SYSTEM EFFICIENCY FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

12. Goals of Our Discussion: Home Energy Use and Conservations
Energy uses in your home – what are they?
How do they rank in amount of energy used?
School – what are energy conservation measures?
How can energy use be reduced in the school?
Lutron lighting system in classroom
How does insulation work?
Relate to thermos bottle demonstration and three types of energy transfer
Contrast types and R-values
Short video- natural insulation
What is your home’s energy profile?

14. Transfer of Heat Energy
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Heat from a stove burner causes
atoms or molecules in the pan’s
bottom to vibrate faster. The vibrating
atoms or molecules then collide with
nearby atoms or molecules, causing
them to vibrate faster. Eventually,
molecules or atoms in the pan’s
handle are vibrating so fast it
becomes too hot to touch.
As the water boils, heat from the hot
stove burner and pan radiate into the
surrounding air, even though air
conducts very little heat.
Heating water in the bottom of a pan
causes some of the water to vaporize
into bubbles. Because they are
lighter than the surrounding water,
they rise. Water then sinks from the
top to replace the rising bubbles.This
up and down movement (convection)
eventually heats all of the water.
Fig p. 553

15. School Energy – Lighting and Evaluation
List all of the components of the Lutron System installed in the classroom.

16. Is our Transportation Sustainable?
?????????????????????

17. (miles per gallon, or mpg) Average fuel economy 35
14.9 30
12.8
Passenger cars
(miles per gallon, or mpg)
Average fuel economy
(kilometers per liter, or kpl)
Average fuel efficiency 25
10.7
Total fleet 20
8.5
Pickups, vans, and
sport utility vehicles 15
6.4
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
What are ways that the U.S. auto fleet can be increased?

18. Energy Used for Transportation
What are “walk away ideas” for each graph

19. Sustainable Transportation
How can we move toward sustainable transportation?
Look for:
clean-emission cars powered by electricity and fuel cells;
reduction of fuel consumption on airplanes, transport trucks, and increased use of trains
integrated, efficient inter-city buses and trains- mass transit a key

20. Electric Cars, Fuel Cells, Hybrids, and Hydrogen Fueled
Are these Your future?

21. What about electric cars?
Problem is batteries
cost
storage capacity
weight

22. Batteries the big problem
Heavy (lead-acid battery pack 1,000 pounds or more).
Bulky (up to 50 lead-acid batteries, each measuring roughly 6" x 8" by 6").
Limited storage capacity (range of only 50 miles).
They are slow to charge - up to 10 hours
Short life (three to four years)
They are expensive (perhaps $2,000)

23. Solving the battery bottleneck
Replace lead-acid batteries with NiMH batteries or other kinds
The range of the car will double
Will last 10 years
But, the cost of the batteries today is 10 to 15 times greater than lead-acid.
NiMH battery pack will cost $20,000 to $30,000 (today) instead of $2,000.

24. Solar powered cars- Are these commercially feasible

25. What are some options?
Hybrids?
Or, Fuel Cells
Or. …………………….??

26. Hybrid Car Engines and motors A B C D E F Combustion engine Fuel tank
Braking recharges the batteries
Motor, not engine, runs at lower speeds
Engine shuts off completely when at lower speeds and when stopped
So, what are the disadvantages?
Combustion engine A
Fuel tank B
Electric motor C
Battery bank D B
Regulator E D
Transmission F E F
Hybrid Car A C
Fuel
Electricity