Status for Development of Activity Data and Detecting Degradation of Forest in Laos June 17th 2015 Dr. Ryota KAJIWARA Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. NFIS and FPP Project in Laos

1.Overview of Laos 2.Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos 3.Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos 4.Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos 5.Summary Table of Contents 2

1. Overview of Laos 3

Outline of Lao PDR 4 Main Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation Area: Approximately 240,000 km2 Topography: Mountainous area Climate: Tropical monsoon Expansion of Untraditional Shifting Cultivation Illegal Logging Expansion of Plantation Situation of Forest Approximately 40% of nation land is Forest Approximately 80% people lives on forest resources Forest coverage: (Present) 70% (1940)→40% (2010) (Target of policy) 65% (2015)→70% (2020) Approximately 72% of emission of CO2 from deforestation and forest degradation 1. Overview of Laos

North region mountainous shifting cultivationAlmost area is mountainous and shifting cultivation area Evergreen forestEvergreen forest in conservation area and along national border Rubber and teak plantationRubber and teak plantation Rice Paddy in valley Coniferous forestConiferous forest in part of area North Shifting CultivationEvergreen ForestPlantation (Rubber) 5 1. Overview of Laos Vegetation of North Region

Central and South region Flatland along Mekong river (West) Dry dipterocarp Dry dipterocarp Agricultural area Agricultural area (mainly rice paddy) Large plantation Large plantation (rubber, etc.) Mountainous area (East) Many evergreen forest Many evergreen forest Some shifting cultivation South Central Dry DipterocarpRice PaddyLarge Plantation (Rubber) 6 1. Overview of Laos Vegetation of Central and South Region

2. Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos 7

2000 Map2005 Map2010 Map2015 Map2020 Map2025 Map ×××××× 1 st NFI? ( ) - FIM? (2011) Next NFI 2000 Carbon Map 2005 Carbon Map 2010 Carbon Map 2015 Carbon Map 2020 Carbon Map 2025 Carbon Map Historical trend Emission Factor (EF) Activity Data (AD) Carbon Change (Emission) Carbon Change (Emission) Carbon Change (Emission) (Base year?) REL/RL REDD Carbon Change (Emission) Carbon Change (Emission) NFMS (Monitoring) Need for REL/RL  Defining Drivers  Social Economic Survey MRV System By FPP  Biomass Survey  2015 Forest Cover rate ====== Future work Need to confirm availability 2. Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos

ALOS/Pansharpen (2010) SPOT MS (2005) LANDSAT (2000) RapidEye (2010) SPOT MS (2005) LANDSAT (2000) *Created by PRISM (2.5m) and AVNIR-2 (10m) JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec SeasonsDry seasonRainy seasonDry season Crop Calendar SlashBurnCroppingGrowingHarvest Abandonm ent ALOS/PALSAR( ) For Accuracy Assessment For Development of Map For Correction 2. Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos Used Satellite Data

10 RapidEye Imagery Draft Forest Type Map in Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos Draft National Level Forest Type Map in 2010

Overall accuracy for forest and non-forest72.8% Overall accuracy for forest types61.8% 2. Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos Draft Result of Accuracy Assessment Forest type map has been revised based on this result

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos in Laos 12

13 3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos Forest Definition (Tree Height or DBH) in Laos ForestNon-Forest 5m 10cm ForestNon-Forest Reason of current decision Actually, previous NFIs had measured trees which have DBH more than 10cmActually, previous NFIs had measured trees which have DBH more than 10cm Government would like to promote that people conserve the forest more.Government would like to promote that people conserve the forest more. 10cm

Height7116 DBH Crown Diameter RapidEye (5m) 3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos Forest Definition (Tree Height or DBH) in Laos Height655 DBH464 Crown Diameter RapidEye (5m)

IPCC Laos Non-Forest Forest L/C L/U Cropland? or Forest Land?Forest Land Cropland Forest Land 3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos IPCC Categories for Shifting Cultivation in Laos Upland Crop (UC)Regenerating Vegetation (RV) Mixed Deciduous Forest(MD) Cycle of shifting cultivation

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos National Level Classification System in Laos Level 3 degradation of forest Level 3 would deal with degradation of forest. However, national level classification doesn’t include Level 3 at the moment.

4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos 17

degradation of forest hasn’t been discussed enough Actually, degradation of forest hasn’t been discussed enough yet in Laos so far. Could Level 2 deal with degradation of forest ? 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos

19 Evergreen Forest Regenerating Vegetation (Degraded Forest) Evergreen Forest /Mixed Deciduous Forest UplandCrop RegeneratingVegetation (Fallow Land) Mixed Deciduous Forest Deforestation Is it Degradation?? (in case of EF -> MD) It may be Degradation (1) In case of shifting cultivation (2) In case of logging and fire Reforestation Enhancement 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Can Degradation be detected at National Level ?

20 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Can Degradation be detected at National Level ? RapidEye(2010) 1/100,000 Situation of shifting cultivation in Laos

21 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Can Degradation be detected at National Level ? RapidEye(2010) 1/25,000 Situation of shifting cultivation in Laos

22 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Can Degradation be detected at National Level ? RapidEye(2010) 1/10,000 Situation of shifting cultivation in Laos Remained “Mixed Deciduous Forest” Recovered enough “Mixed Deciduous Forest” Just recovered “Mixed Deciduous Forest” “Regenerating Vegetation” (Fallow Land) This difference is “Level 3”. It can be classified manually.

23 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Can Degradation be detected at National Level ? RapidEye(2010) 1/25,000 Situation of logging in Laos

24 4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Can Degradation be detected at National Level ? RapidEye(2010) 1/10,000 Low density “Evergreen Forest” High density “Evergreen Forest” “Regenerating Vegetation” (Degraded Forest) This difference is “Level 3”. It can be classified manually. Situation of logging in Laos

25 Status for Development of Activity Data in Laos  2010, 2005 and 2000 forest type mapssoon  2010, 2005 and 2000 forest type maps will be completed soon with accuracy.  2015 forest type map near future  2015 forest type map will be developed in near future. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos  Degradationhasn’t been discussed enough  Degradation of forest in Laos hasn’t been discussed enough yet in Laos so far. Level 3deal with degradation national level doesn’t include  Though “Level 3” classification would deal with degradation, national level classification system doesn’t include it so far. degradationloggingfireshifting cultivation?  Are degradation in Laos logging, fire and shifting cultivation? shifting cultivation is degradation?  Can we call case of shifting cultivation is degradation?  RapidEye(5m)detect degradation  RapidEye(5m) can detect degradation at both Level 2 and 3.  However there are some difficulties which are seasonal, atmospheric, topographic and cost for remote sensing still. 5. Summary

Thank you for your attention! 26 with FIPD staff