1. REDD+ Policy Overview
Climate Protection Through Forest Conservation in the Pacific Islands
Inception Workshop,
22-24 November 2010
Suva, Fiji
Dr Sean Weaver, Principal, Carbon Partnership

2. REDD+ Policy Overview What is ?
“A conservation or sustainable land-use initiative that effectively mitigates a deforestation / degradation threat in a given area” (Poverty Environment Partnership – UNDP)
“Avoided deforestation”
“Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation”
(World Bank, UNFCCC)

3. REDD+ Policy Overview What is ? Preventing Source Reducing Source
Preventing forest-based carbon dioxide emissions through forest protection
Reducing the rate of forest-based carbon dioxide emissions
Enhancing accumulation of carbon stocks through afforestation/reforestation
Preventing Source
Reducing Source
Enhancing Sink

4. Avoided Deforestation
IPCC: 1.6 billion tCO2 emissions / yr during 1990s from tropical forests
REDD+ Policy Overview
What is ?
Why
Approximately 17% global human induced emissions
Largest single emissions sector
As yet no global agreement on world forests
Key emissions sector for many developing countries
UNFCC Agenda Item 6 (2005): Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries – Approaches to stimulate action
Avoided Deforestation
REDD
REDD+

5. REDD+ Policy Overview What is ? Why Avoided Deforestation REDD REDD+
“If we lose the battle against tropical deforestation, we lose the battle against climate change.” Prince Charles
REDD+ Policy Overview
What is ?
Why
“If a post-Kyoto climate agreement fails to act on avoiding tropical deforestation, the achievement of overall climate change goals will become virtually impossible.”
Bharrat Jagdeo – President of Ghana
UNFCC Agenda Item 6 (2005): Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries – Approaches to stimulate action
Avoided Deforestation
REDD
REDD+

6. Global Deforestation Drivers
Cropland
Forest
REDD+ Policy Overview
What is ?
Why
Global Deforestation Drivers

8. More land was converted to cropland in the 30 years after 1950 than in the 150 years between 1700 and 1850.

9. Demand Supply World Oil Production
The widening gap between supply and demand will produce large scale oil price increases

11. REDD+ Policy Overview What is ? Policy 2 Key Policy Themes:
1. Financial Instruments
Incentives for REDD+ action
2. Monitoring, Reporting & Verification (MRV)
Evidence linking incentives to quantitative outcomes

12. Source of Finance Carbon Stock Change
Grant Instruments
Market Instruments
UNFCCC
Multilateral Banks
Carbon Markets
International NGOs
Multilateral Grants
Bilateral Grants
1. Financial Instruments
Incentives for REDD+ action
2. Monitoring, Reporting & Verification (MRV)
Evidence linking incentives to quantitative outcomes
Remote Sensing
GIS & Mapping
Forest Inventory
Data Management Systems
Reporting & Validation
National Scale
Project Scale
Carbon Stock Change

13. The goal of policy is to make this process as efficient as possible
Source of Finance
The goal of policy is to make this process as efficient as possible
Carbon Stock Change

14. Scope & Scale MRV Financing Distribution What activities are eligible?
How are emission reductions measured?
Financing
Where does the money come from?
Distribution
Where do the money & benefits go to?

15. Where does the money come from?
Market Instruments
Grant Instruments
Eligibility Criteria
MRV Requirements
Financing
Where does the money come from?

16. Scope & Scale MRV Financing Distribution What activities are eligible?
How are emission reductions measured?
Financing
Where does the money come from?
Distribution
Where do the money & benefits go to?

17. National Scale Hybrid Project Scale Scope & Scale
What activities are eligible?
National Scale
Hybrid
Project Scale
Fully centralised government program
Activity-based programmes
Fully devolved to landowners
National scale MRV
National & Project scale MRV
Project scale MRV
No need for government involvement
Less attractive to funders
Require national infrastructures
More attractive to funders

18. Scope & Scale MRV Financing Distribution What activities are eligible?
How are emission reductions measured?
Financing
Where does the money come from?
Distribution
Where do the money & benefits go to?

19. Forest Carbon Stock Change
Forest Area Change
Forest Carbon Stock Change
Remote Sensing
Mapping
Stratification
Forest Carbon Inventory
Carbon Stock Calculations
Change Estimates
Baseline Calculations
Project Calculations
MRV
How are emission reductions measured?
Common Denominator
= IPCC Guidelines and Guidance

20. Forest Carbon Stock Change
Forest Area Change
Forest Carbon Stock Change
Quantitative situation without REDD finance
Baseline Calculations
Project Calculations
MRV
Quantitative situation with REDD finance
How are emission reductions measured?

21. Scope & Scale MRV Financing Distribution What activities are eligible?
How are emission reductions measured?
Financing
Where does the money come from?
Distribution
Where do the money & benefits go to?

22. Where do the money & benefits go to?
Relates to scale:
Scale
Benefit Distribution
Carbon Rights
Need to clarify carbon property law & rules of transfer
National
Provincial
Local
National
Provincial
Local
Relates to strategy:
Distribution
Cost
Carbon Benefits
Low
Medium
High
Meduim
Where do the money & benefits go to?

23. Where do the money & benefits go to?
Top ranking activities generate high carbon revenues per unit cost.
Option:
Provide government support for activity-based programmes
Generate a surplus of carbon revenues from some
Share revenues with other activities that are a high priority for non-carbon co-benefits (e.g. biodiversity, cultural, water, food)
Relates to strategy:
Distribution
Cost
Carbon Benefits
Low
Medium
High
Meduim 5
Where do the money & benefits go to? 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1

24. National Programmes
Designed in accordance with particular finance strategies
Aggregate MRV, management, & finance infrastructures
Methodologically prescriptive
Subject to nationally strategic benefit distribution
Afforestation/ Reforestation
SFM
Avoiding Deforestation
Extending rotation age 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1

25. Designed in accordance with particular finance strategies
Aggregate MRV, management, & finance infrastructures
Methodologically prescriptive
Subject to nationally strategic benefit distribution
Afforestation/ Reforestation
Avoiding Deforestation
Run as linked programmes 5
These landowners
work in these forests
Example: 2 1

26. Strategic Development
Some REDD+ activities generate financial returns in addition to carbon finance:
A/R, Agroforestry, SFM, biomass energy
Afforestation/ Reforestation
SFM
Avoiding Deforestation
Extending rotation age 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1

27. Where do the money & benefits go to?
Distribution 5
Where do the money & benefits go to? 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1

28. REDD Readiness Scope & Scale MRV Financing Distribution
What activities are eligible?
MRV
How are emission reductions measured?
Financing
Where does the money come from?
Distribution
Where do the money & benefits go to?
REDD Readiness

29. REDD Readiness Policy Strategy National MRV
National REDD+ Implementation
Demonstration activities
Training/Education/Consultation
REDD Ready
REDD Readiness

30. Scope (reducing & avoiding source, enhancing sink)
Policy
Goals
Scope (reducing & avoiding source, enhancing sink)
Scale (National / Devolved/ Hybrid)
Structure & Governance
Institutional Strengthening
MRV Path
Pilot Project Priorities
Communication Strategy
International Policy Engagement

31. Policy
Goals
REDD+
A strategic component of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).
Opportunity to take advantage of new finance to fund the transition to more resilient land-based economic development.