AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA

"the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.“ Direct Imperialism: One state takes control of the government of another state or territory through political or military means In-direct Imperialism: One state, through economic processes, links itself to a self-governed nation or territory and exerts unequal control over trade with that nation or territory Imperialism

The practice by which countries or governments expand their territory, often for economic purposes. Manifest Destiny becomes expansionism and stretches beyond the borders of the continental U.S. beginning in the mid 19 th century with Hawaii Expansionism

WHY IMPERIALISM? 1) Desire for Military strength 2) Thirst for new markets 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority

Alfred Mahan

The Great White Fleet

Hawaii First treaty signed – “Friends and trade partners” 1875 – No duties, taxes, or tariffs for Americans in Hawaii 1887 Monarchy falls and only wealthy land owners can vote. Business man Sanford Dole rules Hawaii

U.S. TAKES HAWAII

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska

THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Cuba is just 90 miles south of Florida

CUBA’S SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE Marti

YELLOW JOURNALISM Hearst Pulitzer Headline Wars m/video/id/6937/ m/video/id/6937/ Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and Hearst escalating and instigating war between the U.S. and Spain

U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES Before After

The Maine Explodes Unknown artist, 1898 Notice the men flying dramatically through the air

Remember the Maine!!!

WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN JINGOISM – extreme patriotism in the form of foreign diplomacy

Rough Riders Charge in

A Big Turkey Shoot Spanish fleet destroyed at Battle of Santiago Bay As a result of the destruction of the Spanish fleet, the war with Spain was ended

SAN JUAN HILL AND MANILA

U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF PARIS The U.S. and Spain signed an armistice on August 12, 1898, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war” The war lasted only 16 weeks Cuba was now independent U.S. receives Guam, Puerto Rico, and “bought” the Philippines for $20 million Treaty of Paris, 1898

United states gains Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Cuba from Spain The Phillipines fought for Independence. Why keep Philipines? –U.S. uses concentration camps in the Phillipines –More economic opportunity Spoils of War

ACQUIRING NEW LANDS The U.S had to decide how to rule the new lands Puerto Rico wanted their independence– but the U.S. had other plans Puerto Rico was important to the U.S. strategically The U.S. set up a civil government, full citizenship, and a bicameral system

CUBA AND THE UNITED STATES Today the U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

Platt Amendment Cuba no treaties US can intervene in Cuba Cannot go into further debt US could buy/lease land Cuba becomes protectorate

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA Foreign nations were opening the door to China’s trade

China: Getting our Piece of the Pie Nations carved “spheres of influence” claiming only they could trade within that sphere U.S. institutes “Open Door” policy The ruler of China hopes to institute a “Closed Door” policy

BOXER REBELLION

China: The Boxer Rebellion Righteous Harmony Society Movement Overthrow foreign influence Anti-imperialism Anti-Christian Rebellion fails Harsh punishments and fines

AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER Two events signaled America’s continued climb toward being the #1 world power 1) Roosevelt negotiated a settlement between Russia and Japan who had been at War – his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth won Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize 2) Construction of Panama Canal The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually

Monroe Doctrine Signed by President Monroe 1823 Stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention Largely ignored at the time, it becomes highly important in the late 19 th century to today

Roosevelt Corollary 1904 “amendment to Monroe Doctrine asserted a right of the United States to intervene in order to "stabilize" the economic affairs of small states if they were unable to pay their international debts Haiti, Niccaragua, Dominican Republic, and Cuba

“Big Stick” Policy “Speak softly and carry a big stick.“ The “Big Stick” policy is the idea of negotiating peacefully, while simultaneously threatening with the “big stick” - the military

Teddy’s Big Stick

U.S. guaranteed Latin American loans Taft – relation go from “war like and political” to “peaceful and economic” U.S. exerts control over Latin America through the debt Latin America owes to the U.S. Creates tensions in Latin America – Military intervention Taft's Dollar Diplomacy

THE PANAMA CANAL “The shortcut”

BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL Cost- $380 million Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time – Construction took 10 years

This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line (canal) cutting across the middle of Panama

Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal, which became sole property of Panama in the year 2000

French begin a canal in 1880, but fail to finish it U.S. initially proposes canal in Niccaragua, as there “big stick” is already there U.S. decides on Panama and supports Panamanian revolt against Columbian control U.S. buys French equipment and construction rights for $40 million and begins construction May 4, 1904 U.S. later pays Columbia $25 million for our role in the Panama independence movement. Panama Canal

Rather than a traditional “sea level” canal U.S. uses system of locks and dams Yellow Fever sweeps through the camp Canal completed in 1914, 2 years ahead of schedule U.S. maintains control of the Panama Canal until Decemebr 31, 1999, and in part Panama’s economy Panama Canal cont…

Teddy’s Canal