Standard V- Biosphere Organization Biology AHSGE Standard V- Biosphere Organization

Standard V- Biosphere Organization CONTENT STANDARD 5. Identify cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems as levels of organization in the biosphere. ELIGIBLE CONTENT A. Identify the levels of organization in the biosphere including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, as well as organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

Biosphere Biosphere- Very thin zone around the earth containing living organisms Made of numerous ecosystems/biomes Ecosystem- Areas within the biosphere characterized by specific living and nonliving factors; generally plant-life and precipitation Biotic- Living factors Plants/animals, decomposing matter Abiotic- Nonliving factor Rocks, soil, water, air

Biosphere Community- All of the organisms residing in an area together; divisions of an ecosystem Possums, armadillos, mushrooms, skunks, snakes, trees, moss More than one species Biodiversity/Diversity- Having many different species, large food webs, in an ecosystem Competition- When one or species compete for the same resource Each species is negatively affected until one is outcompeted (competitive exclusion) Direct competition- Organisms come in direct contact with each other Ex: Lions and hyenas Indirect competition- Organisms avoid direct interaction with each other Ex: Hawks and owls

Symbiosis- Relationships between members of a community in which at least one species benefits Commensalism- One species benefits off of another without affecting it in the process Mutualism- Both species benefit from one another Parasitism- One species benefits off of another, harming it in the process without killing it Predation- One species benefits off of another, killing it in the process (+; 0) EX: Moss growing in a tree (+; +) EX: Cows and cowbirds; lichens (+; -) EX: Fleas and dogs (+; -) EX: Lion eats a zebra

Ecological Balance Dynamic equilibrium of populations that live in symbiotic relationships together Dynamic- Always changing Equilibrium- Balanced For predator/prey or herbivore/producer relationships

Populations Population- Groups of all the members of a given species in an area that are capable of interbreeding One species Population of squirrels in a tree Habitat- Area where a particular species prefers to live which contains its most used resources (food, water and shelter) Example: squirrels and open forest; rabbits and dense forest Niche- Useful purpose of an organism in a community Example: Wolves control populations of rabbits; rabbits provide food for predators or control population of clover

Organisms Individual members of a population Any living thing Seven characteristics of life: Cellular structure and function- At least one cell performing life functions Reproduction- Process of making more of their kind from one generation to the next. Metabolism- Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism Homeostasis- Maintaining a stable internal environment Heredity- Passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring Responsiveness- Ability to react to a stimulus Growth and Development- Ability to grow and change throughout a life cycle

Structure of Organisms Organ System- A group of organs working together to perform body functions Parts of an organism Examples: Circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory and skeletal) Organ- A collection of tissues that carry out certain processes in an organism Parts of an organ system Examples: Heart, eyes, liver, brain or roots, stems, and leaves

Structure of Organisms Tissues- A group of cells that perform a certain function Parts of an organ Examples: Epithelial, nervous, connective (tendons, fat, cartilage, bone or blood), or muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac) Cells- Building blocks of life which can act alone or together Group together in tissues Organelles- Parts of a cell, each has its own function

Biosphere Organization