“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela

 How did the following types of technology affect “new imperialism?”  Military  Transportation  Communication  Medical

 Imperialism refers to the political & economic control of one area or country by another.  19 th Century – European Powers acquired colonial empires in Africa, Asia, & the Pacific

 Europe invested time & effort into creating colonies in the Americas  Independence of United States & Latin America was a setback for European imperialism  Imperialism continue in India, South America, the East Indies, & several other places

 Britain extended rule in India by defeating France & local rulers  First Railroad in India – 1853  European missionaries spread Christianity  British schools & colleges opened  English became language of the government  Indians resented change in their traditional ways

 British controlled India using better weapons & trained soldiers (sepoy)  Large number of sepoy rebelled  Rebellion crushed using loyal Indian soldiers  Britain took control of India, & Queen Victoria became Empress of India

 Government – Having single system united India; Provided jobs, increased education, introduced English  Economic – Built roads, bridges, railroads, & telegraph lines; India’s cotton industry hurt by English competition  Health – Hospitals & new medicine; Led to population increase  Social – Indians looked down upon; Workers provided cheap labor

 Britain: Cape Colony, West Indies, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore  France: West Indies, West Africa, India, Algeria, Indochina  Holland: Dutch East Indies  Spain: Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico

 At end of 18 th Century imperialism was dying  Britain lost United States  Spain & Portugal lost Latin America  – New wave of imperialism sweeps globe  Africa divided among European Powers

 Technological advances from Industrial Rev.  Steamboat – Could reach interior of Africa, which was previously inaccessible  Telegram – Communication with distant colonies  Railroads – Shipped goods & materials  Medical – Able to explore with less risk  Weapons – Used to control locals

 New countries wanted colonial empires to establish power on world stage  Britain seized Egypt to control Suez Canal – Fastest route to India  European powers wanted to preserve “balance of power”  Hoped to obtain resources & new places to sell