© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Chapter 12 Blood

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood Function of the blood –Transport –Regulatory –Protection

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Composition Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells Leukocytes or white blood cells Thrombocytes or platelets

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Plasma Straw colored Comprises about 55% of the blood volume Water –92% of the total volume of plasma Plasma proteins –Fibrinogen –Albumin –Globulin

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Plasma Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Metabolic waste products

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells Occurs in the red bone marrow Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells Develop from stem cells

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Erythropoiesis The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) RBCs live about 120 days Process of development and breakdown Normal ranges

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Hemoglobin Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme Function of RBCs Normal ranges Hemolysis

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning White Blood Cells (WBCs) Called leukocytes Natural defense against injury and disease Types of leukocytes –Granulocytes –Agranulocytes Diapedesis Normal ranges

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Types of WBCs – Granulocytes Made from cells called myeloblasts Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes Lymphocytes –B-lymphocytes –T-lymphocytes Monocytes

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – The Blood Click Here to play Blood animation

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Inflammation Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way Signs and symptoms –Redness –Local heat –Swelling –Pain The inflammatory process

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets) Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process Normal ranges Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Coagulation Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin Prothrombin converts to thrombin Fibrinogen converts to fibrin Clot Clotting time norms

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Types Types –A –B –AB –O Antigens and antibodies

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Types Agglutination Recipient and donor matching Universal donors RH factors

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Norms Bleeding time Coagulation time Hemoglobin count Platelet count Prothrombin time

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Norms Sedimentation rate Red blood cell count White blood cell count Cholesterol level

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders of the Blood Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders of the Blood Cooley’s anemia Polycythemia Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders of the Blood Hemophilia Thombocytopenia Leukemia Septicemia Multiple myeloma

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Bone Marrow Transplants Autologous bone marrow transplant Allogenic bone marrow transplant –Identical twin –Parent –Unrelated –Umbilical cord

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Bone Marrow Transplants Bone marrow transplant procedure Engraftment