Chemistry for Life Science

Matter Anything that: Anything that: Has mass. Has mass. Takes up space. Takes up space.

Energy The ability to cause change. The ability to cause change.

Atoms Make up matter. Make up matter. Consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Element Made up of only one type of atom. Made up of only one type of atom. Identified with a 1 or 2 letter symbol. Identified with a 1 or 2 letter symbol. Examples: Examples: O – oxygen O – oxygen Na – sodium Na – sodium Pb - lead Pb - lead

Compounds Made up of two or more elements chemically combined. Made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

Molecules Compounds formed when two or more elements share electrons. Compounds formed when two or more elements share electrons.

Ions Atoms that have a charge. Atoms that have a charge. Occur when electrons are gained or lost. Occur when electrons are gained or lost.

Ionic Compound Compound formed by two oppositely charged ions. Compound formed by two oppositely charged ions.

Mixtures Two or more substances that are physically mixed together. Two or more substances that are physically mixed together.

Solution Mixture that is mixed evenly. Mixture that is mixed evenly.

Suspension A liquid or a gas with another substance spread equally throughout it. A liquid or a gas with another substance spread equally throughout it.

Organic Compounds Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen.

Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Supply energy for cell processes. Supply energy for cell processes. Examples: sugar, starch, cellulose Examples: sugar, starch, cellulose

Organic Compounds Lipids Lipids Used to store and release large amounts of energy. Used to store and release large amounts of energy. Examples: fats, oils, phospholipids Examples: fats, oils, phospholipids

Organic Compounds Proteins Proteins Building blocks of many cell structures. Building blocks of many cell structures. Examples: muscles, cell membranes, enzymes Examples: muscles, cell membranes, enzymes

Organic Compounds Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Store coded information. Store coded information. DNA, RNA DNA, RNA

Inorganic Compounds Compounds that do not contain carbon. Compounds that do not contain carbon. Examples: nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, water Examples: nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, water

Water Very important for life processes. Very important for life processes. Acts as an insulator Acts as an insulator Dissolves substances Dissolves substances Transportation and chemical reactions Transportation and chemical reactions Surface tension, capillary action Surface tension, capillary action Water is a polar molecule Water is a polar molecule Has a positive side and a negative side. Has a positive side and a negative side.