1. Images in this power point were obtained from Google Images
Biology
Chemistry Unit
Test Review
Images in this power point were obtained from Google Images

2. Anything that has _______ and _________.
What is Matter?
Anything that has _______ and _________.

3. Anything that has mass and volume.
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and volume.

4. What is the smallest unit of matter?
Hint: not a Chihuahua!

5. What is the smallest unit of matter?
An Atom!

6. Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!
What is an ?
Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!

7. An element is “pure stuff”.
It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au) from the periodic table.
Other Examples:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sodium
Phosphorous

8. What are atoms made up of?
Hint: 3 Things

10. What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up the MASS of the atom?
What are their charges?
What are the smallest particles in the space outside of the nucleus that do not add to its mass?
What is its charge?

11. Protons (+) and Neutrons (0)
What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up the MASS of the atom?
What are their charges?
Protons (+) and Neutrons (0)
What are the smallest particles in the space outside of the nucleus and do not add to its mass?
What is its charge?
Electrons (-)

12. This is the element Boron and how it appears on the periodic table.
What is this number called? What does this number represent?
What is this number called? What does this number represent?

13. Represents the
# of Protons (+)
Also indicates
# of electrons (-)
Represents the
# Protons + # Neutrons

14. What is an ION?

15. AN ION is when an atom has gained or lost electrons
Chloride gains an electron
Becomes (-)
Sodium loses an electron
Becomes (+)
Na + CL → Na⁺CL⁻

16. OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an ionic bond?

17. “I”onic Bond: When electrons are lost or gained (NO SHARING) between atoms.
Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take but do not share!
NaCl

18. Co-captains share their position
What is a covalent bond?
Atom
Hint:
Co-captains share their position
Atom

19. Covalent bond: When two atoms are sharing an electron pair in a compound.

20. What are…..

21. Isotopes are different numbers of
NEUTRONS!
Isotopes of Carbon

22. Define:
Molecule
Compound

23. 2 or more elements chemically combined
Molecule
Compound
Same Definition:
2 or more elements chemically combined

24. Chemical and Physical

25. What type of changes in matter would be considered to be physical?

27. What type of changes in matter would be considered to be chemical?

29. What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number)
What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of ___?___ in a solution.

30. Know which numbers are acidic and basic
What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
Know which numbers are acidic and basic
Strong Acid Weak Acid
pH= 1,2,3 pH=4,5,6
Neutral
pH = 7
Weak Base Strong Base
pH= 8,9,10 pH=11, 12, 13, 14

31. What is a buffer? Don’t have a clue?
We have been dealing with pH, so it probably has something to do with
that.

32. Buffer
A weak acid or weak base that can react with strong acids or bases to make small pH changes and maintain pH balance
HOMEOSTASIS

33. Define & Give and Example:
Solute
Solvent
Solution

34. Solvent : What does the dissolving
Ex: WATER (Best Solvent)
Solute: What is dissolved by the solvent Ex: SALT
Solution: When a solute is dissolved into a solvent Ex: Salt + Water

35. What is the name for a type of mixture that there is NO DISSOLVING taking place?

36. Suspension
Examples:
Sand + Water
Oil + Vinegar

37. What is COHESION?

38. COHESION?
Same molecules sticking together
Water + Water

39. What is Adhesion?

40. 2 different molecules that stick together
What is ADHESION?
2 different molecules that stick together
Ex: Water and glass

41. What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?

43. What is polarity? H
(+) H
(+) O
(-)
See a resemblance?

44. Polarity: Unequal sharing of electrons (H₂O)
causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other H
(+) H
(+)
See a resemblance? O
(-)

45. MACROMOLECULES

46. ???????????

48. process of joining monomers to make polymers
???????????
process of joining monomers to make polymers

49. process of joining monomers to make polymers
Polymerization
process of joining monomers to make polymers

50. What is this process called that removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers?

51. What is this process called that removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers? DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

52. What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
What is the function of each?
They are all organic compounds because they contain what?

53. They all contain CARBON (organic molecules)
Carbohydrates – Quick Energy & Structure
Lipids – Long-term Energy Storage, membranes, chemical messengers
Proteins – movement, pigments, skin, hair, enzymes, immune system, carrying oxygen
Nucleic Acids – Heredity, DNA, RNA, ATP
They all contain CARBON (organic molecules)

54. basic building blocks (monomer) of carbohydrates (sugars)?
What are the
basic building blocks (monomer)
of carbohydrates (sugars)?

55. Monosaccharides (sugars)linked together make Polysaccharides

56. What
elements make up all carbohydrates?

57. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

58. What type of carbohydrates do animals and plants store?
Glycogen (Sugar) Starch

59. What type of carbohydrates do animals and plants store?
Glycogen (Sugar) Starch (Sugar)

60. What is cellulose?
Hint: We can’t digest it.
What is chitin?
Hint: On outside of insect

61. What is cellulose? What is chitin?
Carbohydrate of plant cell walls known to us as fiber. MOST ABUNDANT MACROMOLECULE!!!
Carbohydrate of insect exoskeletons

62. What is the building block (monomer) of lipids?

63. Cell membranes are made up of phospholipids
A Glycerol + Fatty Acid Chain(s) is a lipid Waxes, Oils, Fats
Cell membranes are made up of phospholipids

64. basic building block (monomer)
What is the
basic building block (monomer)
of proteins?

65. AMINO ACIDS

66. Know the 3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID

67. Amino Group
Acid Group
R Group
3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID

68. What are the 4 elements that are found in proteins?

70. Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?

71. Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?
PROTEINS

72. Nucleic Acids
What are the monomers of nucleic acids and name the 3 parts?

73. NUCLEOTIDES
Phosphate group
Nitrogen Base
5 Carbon Sugar

74. What are 3 types of nucleic acids?
What are 5 the elements in a nucleic acid?

75. What are 3 types of nucleic acids? DNA (genetic information)
RNA
ATP
What are 5 the elements?
C, H, O, N, P

76. What are Enzymes? ?

77. What are Enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

78. Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help __________________________.
Name the 3 parts

79. Reactant that needs the help of an enzyme is called a substrate
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions.
Must know the 3 parts
Reactant that needs the help of an enzyme is called a substrate
Lock & Key

80. What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?

81. What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?
Temperature & pH

82. What part of is the area of
catalytic activity?

83. What part is the area of
catalytic activity?

84. What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
A + B → C

85. What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this reaction?
Reactants
A + B → C
Products

86. What is Activation Energy?
What is the difference between Endergonic and Exergonic reactions?

87. Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started)
Energy Absorbed
Energy Released

88. __________, ___________, and ___________
Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
__________, ___________, and ___________

89. Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
Heat, Light, and or Sound

90. What is the difference between reaction A & B?
You need to find the answer in your notes.

91. An enzyme was added to reaction B to lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place. A B

92. Now…
Let’s
Review
Your
Chemistry
Test
Answers